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CH6.3-6.6 Vocab
Question | Answer |
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Trait | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length |
Genetics | the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms |
Purebred | genetically uniform/identical |
Cross | the mating of two organisms |
Law of Segregation | Mendel's first law: Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent; Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes, thus the two copies of each gene segregate during gamete formation |
Gene | a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein |
Allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
Homozygous | two of the same alleles at a specific locus |
Heterozygous | two different alleles at a specific locus |
Genome | all of an organism's genetic material |
Genotype | the genetic makeup of a specific type of genes |
Phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
Dominant | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles, or two dominant alleles, are present |
Recessive | the allele that is only expressed when two copies of it are present |
Punnett Square | a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross |
Monohybrid Cross | crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait |
Testcross | a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype |
Dihybrid Cross | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits |
Law of Independent Assortment | allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis |
Probability | the likelihood that a particular event will happen; predicts the average number of occurrences, not the exact number |
Crossing Over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of Meiosis I |
Genetic Linkage | the statement that genes located close together tend to be inherited together |