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CH6.3-6.6 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trait | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length |
| Genetics | the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms |
| Purebred | genetically uniform/identical |
| Cross | the mating of two organisms |
| Law of Segregation | Mendel's first law: Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent; Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes, thus the two copies of each gene segregate during gamete formation |
| Gene | a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein |
| Allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
| Homozygous | two of the same alleles at a specific locus |
| Heterozygous | two different alleles at a specific locus |
| Genome | all of an organism's genetic material |
| Genotype | the genetic makeup of a specific type of genes |
| Phenotype | the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
| Dominant | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles, or two dominant alleles, are present |
| Recessive | the allele that is only expressed when two copies of it are present |
| Punnett Square | a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross |
| Monohybrid Cross | crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait |
| Testcross | a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype |
| Dihybrid Cross | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis |
| Probability | the likelihood that a particular event will happen; predicts the average number of occurrences, not the exact number |
| Crossing Over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of Meiosis I |
| Genetic Linkage | the statement that genes located close together tend to be inherited together |
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CasavantJ22