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Taxonomy/Cladograms
Taxonomy and Introduction to Cladograms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is the father of taxonomy? | Carolus Linnaeus |
| Taxonomy: | Systematic process of classifying living organisms into different groups based on physical traits and genetic relationships. |
| How are the levels of organization organized? | The levels start off broad and get narrower and more specific. |
| What is the highest/broadest level of organization? | Domain |
| What is called when classifying organisms by genus and species? | Binomial nomenclature |
| In the scientific name for organisms what part is capitalized? | Genus |
| In the scientific name for organisms what part is lowercase? | Species |
| How is the scientific name of an organism written? | Italics |
| What are scientists that study taxonomy and use the classification system to identify and name organisms called? | Taxonomists |
| What are the 3 main domains? | Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
| What type of organisms are in domain bacteria? | Unicellular prokaryotes |
| What do organisms in domain bacteria lack? | Cell nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| While organisms in domain bacteria lack a few things what surrounds it? | A thick cell wall |
| What type of organisms is found in domain archaea? | Unicellular prokaryotes |
| Just like a cell in domain bacteria, organisms in domain archaea have cell walls. But they lack something that differentiates the organisms from those in domain bacteria, what is the substance they lack? | Petidoglycan |
| What is a distinct feature of organisms in domain archaea? | They are able to survive in extreme environments. |
| The cell membranes of organisms in domain archaea have something that is not found in any other organism's cell membrane. What is it? | Lipids |
| What type of organisms are mainly in domain eukarya? | Multicellular (can be times when it is unicellular) |
| What do the organisms in domain eukarya have in their cells that no other organisms in the other 2 domains? | Nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| How are the organisms in domain eukarya sorted out into kingdoms? | Based on the most general characteristics |
| What are the 4 kingdoms of Eukaryotes? | Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia |
| What type of organisms are in kingdom Protista? | Unicellular |
| What kingdom does phytoplankton , red and brown algae, and dinoflagellates fall into? | Kingdom Protista |
| What organisms are found in kingdom plantae? | Plants |
| Autotrophs | Gain energy by creating their own food |
| How are the cells of plants unique from other eukaryotes? | They are surrounded by a rigid cell wall made of cellulose. |
| What does the cell wall in plants help the plant with? | Gives the plant support and structure. |
| What type of organisms are found in kingdom fungi? | Majority multicellular, except for yeasts which are unicellular |
| Organisms in kingdom fungi have cell walls but they are made from something different than that in kingdom plantae. What are they made of? | Chitin instead of cellulose |
| Heterotrophs | Gain energy by consuming other organisms |
| Fungi is different from most eukaryotes in the fact that it grows long______________ called_______________. | Filaments and hyphae |
| Fungi releases enzymes. Why are the enzymes important? | Enzymes are important for decomposition |
| What do the organisms in kingdom fungi help with? | Helps maintain balance with organisms like plants that take nutrients from soil. |
| What are examples of organisms found in kingdom animalia? | Humans and animals |
| What types of organisms are found in kingdom animalia? | Multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic |
| What do organisms in kingdom animalia lack? | Cell wall |
| Sessile | Immobile fixed in one place. |
| Setae | Hair-like bristles used for movement. |
| Dichotomous keys are based off | traits |
| Cladogram | Shows evolutionary relationships . |
| Cladograms are used to show what? | How similarities are derived from common ancestry |
| Places where a lineage branches off is called.. | nodes |
| If there are less nodes it means... | The organisms are more closely related |
Created by:
Doerre91104
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