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Lesson 3
Taxonomy
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Taxonomy | a systematic process of classifying living organisms into different groups based on their physical traits and genetic relationships |
Domain | highest and broadest level of classification |
Taxonomist | a scientist who studies taxonomy |
Domain Bacteria | consists of unicellular prokaryotes, surrounded by a thick cell wall |
Domain Archaea | consists of unicellular prokaryotes, surrounded by a cell wall that lacks the substance peptidoglycan |
Domain Eukarya | consists of multicellular (but sometimes unicellular) eukaryotes |
dichotomous key | type of flow chart made up of questions or paired statements about an organism |
cladogram | a branched diagram resembling a tree that shows the evolutionary relationship among organisms |
nodes | places where a lineage branches off in a cladogram |
Aristotle | one of the first scientists to group and categorize living things based on their characteristics |
Carolus Linnaeus | an 18th century scientist who focused his studies on plants. (Father of Taxonomy) |
Kingdom | 2nd broadest level of classification, after domain |
phylum | 3rd broadest level of classification, after kingdom |
Class | 4th broadest level of classification, after phylum |
order | 5th broadest level of classification, after class |
family | 6th broadest level of classification, after order |
genus | 7th broadest level of classification, after family |
species | 8th broadest level of classification, after genus |
binomial nomenclature | Organisms are commonly referred to according to the two most specific taxonomic levels: genus and species (normally in Latin) |