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Standard Precaution
Helpful Study Material For BOCES PN Students
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chain of Infection Cycle | 6 Elements in Proper Order 1. Infectious Agent 2. Resivoir 3. Exit 4. Transportation 5. Entrance 6. Host |
| Infectious Agent | pathogenic microorganism |
| Examples of Host | person to become infected (another person) |
| Examples of Entrance | breaks in skin, mucous membrane, mouth |
| Examples on Method of Transportation | hands, contaminated foor, air droplets, contaminated needles |
| Examples of Exit Route | secretions, feces, blood, urine |
| Examples of Reservoir | infected individual or animal also |
| Actions of Pathogens: Pathogenic microrganisms have two possible effects within the body | 1. Local destruction of tissues 2. Production of poisonous substances (toxins) that migrate |
| Factors That Influence Infections | Several factors that will determine whether or not a pathogen will ultimately result in infection: 1. Specific Portal Of Entry 2. Number of Microorganisms 3. Virulence of the microorganism 4. Host resistance (immune system) |
| Things that makes a host susceptible | 1. Illness, injury, surgery, inactivity, hospitalization 2. Chronic fatigue 3. Poor nutrition 4. Infants/elderly 5. Emotional factors (stress)6. Medications (example: antibiotics killing "good" and "bad" bacteria) |
| Stages of Infectious Process | 1. Incubation Period 2. Prodromal Stage 3. Illness Stage 4. Convalescence |
| Incubation Period | Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms |
| Prodromal Stage | Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms (malaise, low-grade fever, fatigue) to more specific symptoms |
| Illness Stage | Interval when client manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection |
| Convalescence | Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear |
| Lines of Defense | Skin, Inflammatory Response, and Immune Response |
| 1st Line of Defense | Skin - skin, mucous membranes, secretions |
| 2nd Line of Defense | Inflammatory Response - blood cells, antimicrobial proteins |
| 3rd Line of Defense | Immune Response - Lymphocytes, Antibodies |
| MOST EFFECTIVE WAY to break the infectious cycle | Handwashing |
| Direct Contact | spread of pathogens from one person to another through body contact |
| Indirect Contact | intermediary/inanimate objects harbors the microorganisms and carries them from the infected persons to the new victim |
| Human Carrier | does not exhibit symptoms of a disease, but rather carries the pathogen and transmits it to others |
| Airborne Transmission | dust particles or spores blowing from place to place |
| Droplet Transmission | infectious diseases can be transmitted by contact with pathogens containing moisture droplets produced by coughing/sneezing |
| Water Borne Transmission | public water supply contaminated with pathogens (bacteria, protozoa etc) |
| Food Borne Transmission | food poisoning care result from foods that have not been properly cooked, stored, refrigerated |
| Transmission Via Animals | Lyme Disease and Rabies are forms of transmissions via animals |
| Vectors | living carrier of pathogens |
| Most common vectors that transmit disease to humans | Mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ticks, and lice |
| True | nurses are especially at risk for infection if they are tired |
| Reservoir | places where a pathogenic organism can live and grow |
| Portal of Exit | method in which an organism leaves the reservoir |
| Vehicle | transmit organism |
| Portal of Entry | through which an organism can enter the host |
| Susceptible Host | organism can find another reservoir |
Created by:
elyahme
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