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Taxonomy Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Binomial Nomenclature The system of naming organisms scientifically, developed by Carolus Linnaeus; consists of the genus and species names.
Kingdom The highest level of taxonomic classification beneath that of the three domains.
Phylum The taxonomic level below kingdom and above class.
Class The taxonomic level below phylum and above order.
Order The taxonomic level below class and above family.
Family The taxonomic level below order and above genus.
Genus The taxonomic level below the family and above the species; the first part of the binomial nomenclature.
Species A group of organisms that can interbreed to generate fertile offspring.
Cladogram A branching diagram representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary descent of groups of organisms from a common ancestor.
Dichotomous Key A tool used to classify an organism through a series of questions with only two possible answers.
Ancestry (ancestries) The lineage of successive parents and offspring that leads to an organism or species.
Cladistics A classification system based on shared characteristics between groups of organisms and their common ancestor.
Unicellular Composed of a single cell.
Multicellular Composed of more than one cell.
Heterotrophic (heterotroph) An organism that must consume other organisms for energy.
Autotrophic (autotroph) An organism that obtains its energy from an abiotic source such as sunlight or inorganic chemicals.
Chemotropic (chemotroph) An organism that can produce its own nourishment through the process of oxidizing inorganic compounds.
Eukaryotic Cell A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cell A cell lacking a nucleus or any other membrane-enclosed organelle.
Sexual Reproduction The reproductive process involving two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a new organism different from themselves.
Asexual Reproduction A method of reproduction that requires only one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent.
Phylogeny The evolutionary development of a species.
Who was the first person to classify living things based on their characteristics? Aristotle
Why do we need a world wide standard of classifying living things? Because before communication about organisms was impossible with all the different names and classification techniques.
Who was the father of taxonomy? Carolus Linnaeus
What is the broadest level of classification? The domain
What order to the levels of classification go in? Broadest to smallest. Domain-Kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species
What is binomial Nomenclature? The two most specific taxonomic levels (genus, species) that animals are most commonly referred to.
What are the three domains? Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
What organisms are in the bacteria domain? Unicellular organisms that live everywhere around the world.
What organisms are in the archaea domain? like bacteria, unicellular prokaryotes, but unlike bacteria, the cell walls do not have peptidoglycan. Their cell membranes also have different lipids.
What organisms are in the Eukarya domain? Organisms whose cells have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
What kingdoms are in the Eukarya domain? Protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia.
What two methods are used to classify organisms? Dichotomous Key and Cladogram
What is a dichotomous key? A type of flow chart used to classify organisms based on traits. Each step brings you closer to the latin name of the organism.
What is a cladogram? A branch diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms
Created by: DoerreCLB
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