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Resp Sys Lab Quiz
Wk 9 Lab Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the tidelike movement of air into and out of the lungs so that the gases in the alveoli are continuously changed and refreshed. Aka ventilation, or breathing | pulmonary ventilation |
| cells use oxygen and release carbon dioxide Major role of respiratory system – supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide | Cellular respiration |
| gas exchange between blood and air-filled chambers of lungs (oxygen loading/carbon dioxide unloading) | External respiration |
| respiratory gases transported in the blood by the cardiovascular system | Transport of respiratory gases |
| exchange of gases between systemic blood and tissue cells (oxygen unloading and carbon dioxide loading) | Internal respiration |
| Which two processes are responsibility of respiratory system? | Pulmonary ventilation and external respiration |
| What are the Upper respiratory system structures | nose, pharynx, larynx |
| lobelike structures which increase air turbulence | Inferior, superior, and middle nasal conchae |
| Air flowing directly beneath superior part of nasal cavity may chemically stimulate what receptors in mucosa of that region? | olfactory receptors |
| Nasal passages are separated from oral cavity by partition composed anteriorly of the what? and posteriorly by what? | hard palate soft palate |
| What connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus inferiorly and contains tonsils? | Pharynx – the throat |
| What are the 3 parts of pharynx? | nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| Which part of the pharynx is posterior to nasal cavity and is continuous with it via posterior nasal aperture, aka internal nares and lies above soft palate and serves only as an air passage? | nasopharynx |
| Which part of the pharynx extends from soft palate to epiglottis of larynx inferiorly, and serves as a common conduit for food and air? | oropharynx |
| Which part of the pharynx houses the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsil covers base of tongue in the lateral walls? | oropharynx |
| Which part of the pharynx accommodates both ingested food and air and lies directly posterior to upright epiglottis and extends to the larynx where the common pathway divides into respiratory and digestive channels? | laryngopharynx |
| From where does air enter the lower respiratory passageways by passing thru larynx (voice box) and into trachea below? | laryngopharynx |
| What are the two most prominent laryngeal cartilages? | thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) and ring-shaped cricoid cartilage |
| All laryngeal cartilages are what kind of cartilage except flaplike epiglottis, which is made of what? | hyaline a flexible elastic cartilage |
| Where are the vocal cords contained within the larynx? | upper vestibular folds aka false vocal cords lower vocal folds, true vocal cords. |
| Where are the vocal cords attached by vocal ligaments? | small triangular arytenoid cartilages |
| Slitlike passageway between vocal fold is called what? | glottis |
| Which main bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical, and is more likely to have foreign objects become lodged in it? | Right |
| What is lined with ciliated mucus-secreting, pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/mucus propelling cilia? | Trachea |
| What is found in the trachea that serve a double function? | C-shaped cartilaginous rings whose posterior incomplete parts allow esophagus to expand anteriorly when a large food bolus is swallowed and keeps the trachea open |
| What do primary bronchi finally become after dividing into smaller and smaller branches (the secondary, tertiary, on down? | the bronchioles |
| What are the terminal branches found on the bronchioles called? | respiratory bronchioles |
| As respiratory tubes get smaller and smaller, what increases in their walls as the amount of what declines and finally disappears? | the relative amount of smooth muscle cartilage |
| What enables bronchioles to provide considerable resistance to air flow under certain conditions (asthma, hay fever, etc)? | layer of smooth muscle |
| What is the continuous branching of respiratory passageways in lungs often referred to as? | respiratory tree |
| What do respiratory bronchioles subdivide into which terminate in what? | alveolar ducts, which terminate in alveolar sacs |
| What are alveoli composed of? | a single thin layer of squamous epithelium overlying a wispy basal lamina |
| What are the alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal laminae together called and aka? | form respiratory membrane, aka air-blood barrier |
| What are alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles referred to collectively? | as respiratory zone structures |
| What are respiratory passageways that serve as access or exit routes to and from gas exchange chambers called and are aka? | conducting zone structures are aka anatomical dead space |
| How are the lungs connected to the thoracic cavity? | by a root containing its vascular and bronchial attachments |
| What is collectively called the costal surface? | Anterior, lateral, and posterior lung surfaces in close contact w/the ribs |
| Medial surface of left lung exhibits a concavity called what, which accommodates the heart where it extends left from the body midline? | cardiac notch |
| How many fissures divide each lung? | 1 in the left lung and 2 in the right |
| What are the 2 types of breathing sounds and how is each produced? | Bronchial sounds – produced by air rushing thru large respiratory passageways (trachea and bronchi) Vesicular breathing sounds – air filling alveolar sacs and resembles sound of rustling or muffled breeze |
| What is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions and what is the volume? | Tidal volume (TV) (500 ml) |
| What is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation and what is its volume? | Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) (3100 ml) |
| What is the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation and what is its volume? | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (1200 ml) |
| What is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration and what is its volume and formula? | Vital capacity (VC) (4800 ml) VC = TV + IRV + ERV |
| What are the 2 major types of spirometers? | handheld dry, or wheel; “wet” spirometers, such as Phipps and Bird spirometer and the Collins spirometer |
| What kind of spirometer allow both inspired and expired gas volumes to be measured? | Recording spirometers |
| What is dramatically reduced in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as emphysema bc energy must be used to deflate the lungs so expiration is physically exhausting to people with COPD? | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
| What tests can help Drs. distinguish between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases? | Pulmonary function tests |
| Which are the 2 most useful tests to determine between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases? | FVC (forced vital capacity) FEVt (forced expiratory volume) test. |
Created by:
svking01
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