the capacity to do work; the property of a system that diminishes when the system does work on any other system.

the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes.

an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.

the catabolism of carbohydrates, as glucose and glycogen, by enzymes, with the release of energy and the production of lactic or pyruvic acid.

pertaining to or caused by the presence of oxygen.

pertaining to or caused by the absence of oxygen.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

an ester of adenosine and triphosphoric acid,C10H12N5O4H4P3O9, formed especially aerobically by the reaction of ADP and an orthophosphate during oxidation.

any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion.

the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.

a plastid containing chlorophyll.

the green coloring matter of leaves and plants, essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.

a compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and that conducts water and nutrients upward from the roots, consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells, and woody fibers.

a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.

a layer of parallel elongated cells below the epidermis of a leaf.

a layer of loosely packed and irregularly shaped chlorophyll-bearing cells that fills the part of a leaf between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis

each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells.

the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.

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Science Vocabulary 6

Science Words To Learn

Term	Definition
Energy	the capacity to do work; the property of a system that diminishes when the system does work on any other system.
Cellular respiration	the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes.
Mitochondria	an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.
Glycolysis	the catabolism of carbohydrates, as glucose and glycogen, by enzymes, with the release of energy and the production of lactic or pyruvic acid.
Aerobic	pertaining to or caused by the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic	pertaining to or caused by the absence of oxygen.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	an ester of adenosine and triphosphoric acid,C10H12N5O4H4P3O9, formed especially aerobically by the reaction of ADP and an orthophosphate during oxidation.
Enzyme	any of various proteins, as pepsin, originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action, as in digestion.
Photosynthesis	the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.
Chloroplast	a plastid containing chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll	the green coloring matter of leaves and plants, essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.
Xylem	a compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and that conducts water and nutrients upward from the roots, consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells, and woody fibers.
Glucose	a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Stomata	any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.
Phloem	the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Grana	the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.
Palisade layer	a layer of parallel elongated cells below the epidermis of a leaf.
Spongy layer	a layer of loosely packed and irregularly shaped chlorophyll-bearing cells that fills the part of a leaf between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis
Guard cell	each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells.
Stroma	the supportive tissue of an epithelial organ, tumor, gonad, etc., consisting of connective tissues and blood vessels.

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