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Genetics

Genetic Traits

QuestionAnswer
Allele A gene that has two forms.
Genotype A pair of alleles that are the genetic makeup of an organism.
Phenotype An organism's physical appearance.
Gregor Mendel Known as "Father of Genetics"
Pure-bred Offspring bred from parents of the same breed.
Cross Fertilization When the male and female sex cells from different organisms of a species are fertilized.
Homozygous Having two of the same alleles for a gene. HH or hh
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a gene. Hh
Dominant Trait A trait that appears when a single copy of its gene is inherited.
Recessive Trait A trait that appears only when a copy of the recessive gene form is inherited from each parent.`
Codominance When alleles are both expressed for a phenotype, causing a mixture of the traits. (Tan + Black = Tabby)
Incomplete Dominance When there is a blending of traits and the phenotype is in between the two alleles. (White + Red = Pink)
Why did Mendel study pea plants? They were easy to grow and had many traits to study.
Genes Chunks of DNA that determine individual traits in individuals.
Would a heterozygous genotype (Tt) for height of a pea plant show a dominant or recessive trait? Tall or short? Heterozygous Tt would show the dominant trait and be tall.
Would a homozygous genotype (tt) for height of a pea plant show a dominant or recessive trait? Tall or short? Homozygous tt would show the recessive trait and be short.
DNA Molecules that instruct the building of cells.
Heredity The passing of traits from parents to an offspring.
Chromosome A compact unit of DNA
Trait A notable feature or quality of an organism.
How many chromosomes do humans have? 46
How are human sex chromosomes labeled? XY = Male; XX = Female
What is the rule for the four alphabet letters of DNA? A goes with T; C goes with G
How many chromosomes does each parent give to their offspring? 23
Created by: cook2sm
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