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chapter 6 anatomy
75 anatomy cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the compacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue sheath called the | epimysium |
| What is the connective tissue located outside the epimysium? | Fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called | muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
| What surrounds fascicles? | Perimysium |
| Each muscle fiber is surrounded by | endomysium |
| The cytoplasm each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments | Actin |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin |
| Sarcomere | basic structural and functional unity of the muscle |
| Each sarcomere extends from one _______ to the other. | Z line |
| What's on either side of the Z line? | I band |
| What extends the length of myosin? | A band |
| Darker central region of each sarcomere | A band |
| Light area in the center of sarcomere | H zone- consists of myosin |
| Dark staining band in sarcomere | M line |
| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across membrane |
| Action Potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromuscular junction | synapse |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| Presynaptic terminal | contains synaptic vesicles; secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine |
| acetylcholinesterase | breaks down acetylcholine |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| The time of contraction is | contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is | relaxation phase |
| Tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is | recruitment |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| ATP degenerates to | ADP plus phosphate |
| ATP is produced | in the mitochondria |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used by muscles faster than it can be produced |
| Isometric contractions | (equal distance) the length of the muscle doesn't change but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic contractions | (equal tension) the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | end of muscle undergoing greatest movement |
| Belly | portion of the muscle between origin and insertion |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish a specific movement |
| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it's the | prime mover |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelid |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastification | chewing |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | "Swimmer muscles" |
| Triceps brachii | posterior compartment of arm |
| biceps brachii | anterior compartment of the arm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| quadriceps femoris | anterior thigh muscles |
| sartorius | "tailor's muscle" flexes the thigh |
| hamstrings | posterior thigh muscles |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| rectus abdominis | on each side of linea alba |
| Tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented |
Created by:
codystanley1234
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