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Earth and Moon

QuestionAnswer
Astronomy The study of the moon
Axis The imaginary line that passes through earth’s center and the North and South poles.
Rotation Object spinning on its axis. Causes day and night
Revolution The movement of one object around the sun. Causes a year.
Orbit Earth’s path as it revolves around the sun.
Latitude A measurement of distance from the equator -- expressed in degrees north or south of the equator
Solstice Axis is either pointed directly toward or directly away from the sun
Equinox means “equal night” Axis not pointed directly toward or away from the sun. Halfway between summer and winter
Vernal equinox occurs around March 21 and marks the first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Day and night are equal length
Autumnal Equinox occurs around September 23 and marks the first day of fall in the Northern Hemisphere. Day and night are equal length
Phase The different shapes of the moon that depend on how much of the sunlight side of the Moon is facing Earth
Eclipse When an object in space comes between the sun and a third object
Solar eclipse When the moon passes between the earth and the sun blocking the sunlight from reaching Earth.
What phase is is before a solar eclipse? new moon
What phase is is before a lunar eclipse? full moon
Umbra Darkest part of the shadow – this is where the sun is totally blocked
Penumbra Lighter part of the shadow – only part of the suns rays are blocked.
Lunar eclipse Occurs when the Earth is directly in line between the moon and the sun.
Tide The rise and fall of ocean water due to the differences in the moon’s gravitational pull on the earth – change every 12.5 hours or so.
Spring Tide tidal range is larger than normal. These tides happen when the earth moon and sun are in a STRAIGHT line.
Neap Tide tidal range is smaller than normal. These tides happen when the earth moon and sun are at a NINETY degree angle.
Gravity The force that pulls the moon and earth (including the water on the Earth’s surface) toward each other.
Telescope Tool that makes objects that are very far away appear closer than they are. Changed the science of Astronomy!
Crater Round pits on the surface of the moon
Maria Dark
How did marias get their name? Galileo thought were oceans. He was wrong.
What happens where the umbra hits earth? Total solar eclipse
What happens where the PENUMBRA hits earth? Partial solar eclipse
Which eclipse is more common? lunar
What don't you see an eclipse each month? the moon's orbit is tilted sideways
Highlands mountains on the moon
What season are we having it if the axis is tilted directly toward the sun? summer
What season are we having it if the axis is tilted directly away from the sun? winter
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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