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Inheitance/Meiosis
Review of new vocab over heredity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetic | the scientific study of heredity, more specifically, the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and variation of inherited traits among organisms |
| Monohybrid Cross | a mating between two organisms with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest |
| Dihybrid Cross | |
| Non-Mendelian | inheritance of traits that do not follow Mendelian patterns, traits are not determined by dominant or recessive alleles |
| Mendelian | principles include that each trait is controlled by two alleles, that an allele is either recessive or dominant, and that each parent randomly passes one of their two alleles on to their offspring |
| Inheritance | the process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring |
| Dominant | dominant alleles is expressed in physical traits no matter what |
| Recessive | recessive alleles are expressed in physical traits only if both alleles of the pair are recessive |
| Genotype | genetic makeup |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics |
| Allele | different forms or variations of a gene |
| Gametes | sex cells |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Autosomal | term used to describe DNA that is inherited from autosomal chromosomes, an autosome is any of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes |
| Codominance | a situation in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, this results in the offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive |
| Incomplete Dominance | when a dominant allele, does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele, and the organism's resulting physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles |
| a tool to figure out the probability that an offspring will express a trait | |
| Pedigree | a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors. |
| F1 | a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors. |
| F2 | the second filial generation; offspring resulting from the crossing of individuals of the F1 generation |
| Offspring | product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents |
| Parent | a person whose gamete resulted in a child, a male through the sperm, and a female through the ovum |
| Heredity | the study of the pattern of inheritence |
| Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cel |
| Chromosome | thread-like structures made up of DNA, that is tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure |
| Daughter Cell | Either of the two cells formed when a cell undergoes cell division by mitosis, genetically identical to parent cell |
| Eukaryotic Cell | cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane |
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