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Last Biology Test
Flashcards from Interdependence section
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is nitrification? | Conversion of Nitrogen compounds in the soil to nitrites and nitrates |
What is denitrification? | putting nitrogen back into the atmosphere as gas |
What is assimilation? | the uptake of Nitrogen by organisms |
What is nitrogen fixation? | Bacteria on plant roots turn Nitrogen gas into ammonia |
Which cycle does not involve the air? | The Phosphorus cycle |
What are the causes of global warming? | The human expansion of the greenhouse effect |
What is the greenhouse effect? | Warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from the Earth toward space |
What are the two main greenhouse gases? | Methane and Carbon dioxide |
How is carbon dioxide released? | Respiration and the burning of fossil fuels |
How is methane released? | Comes from cow waste |
What is a producer? | A producer is something that makes its own food from energy from the sun |
What is a primary consumer? | Something that eats producers |
What is a secondary consumer? | Something that eats mainly primary consumers |
What is a tertiary consumer? | Something that eats mainly secondary consumers |
What is a prey adaptation? | Something that protects prey from predators such as wideset eyes and camouflage |
What is a predator adaptation? | Something that helps a predator hunt prey such as speed and sharp claws |
What is a density independent factor? | An abiotic factor that effects populations of different sizes equally such as a fire of flood |
What is a density dependent factor? | A biotic factor that effects smaller populations more than larger populations such as a predator or disease |
What is a small scale disturbance? | A disturbance to an ecosystem that is localized such as small wind events, mild droughts, and small wildfires |
What is a large scale disturbance? | A disturbance to an ecosystem that is large-scale such as long droughts, volcanic eruptions, and epidemics |
What is primary succession? | When a population grows in a lifeless area with no soil/rocks |
What is secondary succession? | When a population grows back after a disturbance |
What is a trophic level? | A level on the energy pyramid |
What is biomagnification? | When small animals ingest DDT, which accumulates in large animals when they eat many small animals |
What is biomass? | The amount of energy that is converted into living tissue at the different trophic levels |
How much energy goes into each level of the energy pyramid? | Only 10% of energy in the lower level is passed on to the level directly above it |
Where does all energy come from? | The sun |
How is energy in the pyramid lost? | 90% is lost as heat |
What is a carrying capacity? | The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the number of organisms the ecosystem can successfully sustain |
What is an exponential growth model? | A J curve model, is when a population size grows continually due to unlimited resources and makes a J shape |
What is a logistic growth model? | An S curve, is when a population's growth is dependent on the carrying capacity of the environment and makes an s shape |
What is a survivorship graph? | A graph that shows the survival rate of types 1, 2, and 3 species |
What is a type 1 species? | A species such as humans, that reproduces slowly but is most likely to survive through pre-reproductive age and die in post-reproductive age |
What is a type 2 species? | A species such a bird that reproduces often and steadily dies off through each phase of life |
What is a type 3 species? | A species such as a frog that reproduces quickly but is most likely to die before it makes it to reproductive age |
What is a K selected species? | A type 1 species, has a low growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly; large animals |
What is an R selected species? | A type 3 species, has a high growth rate that usually leads to population die off; small animals |