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Periodic Table
Elements and the Periodic Table - Majeski
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atomic mass | the average mass of all the isotopes of an element |
| periodic table | a chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties |
| chemical symbol | a one- or two-letter representation of an element |
| period | a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table - have properties that change in pattern |
| groups | elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family |
| nucleus | very small center core of an atom |
| proton | particle in the nucleus with a positive charge |
| neutron | particle of an atom with no charge or neutral charge |
| electron | rapidly moving particle in the nucleus with a negative charge |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an element |
| isotope | atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| mass number | total sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| model | diagram, picture, mathematical statement, or object that helps to explain the natural world (things too small, too large, too slow, too fast, too far away) |
| metal | objects that are shiny, malleable, ductile, and/or conduct electricity |
| malleable | object that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes |
| ductile | material that can be pulled out, or drawn, into long wire |
| conductivity | ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity |
| reactivity | ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds - decreases in elements moving from left to right across the periodic table |
| corrosion | destruction of a metal through reaction with air or water |
| alkali metal | |
| alkaline earth metal | elements that are fairly hard, gray-white, good conductors of electricity - 2 most common = calcium and magnesium |
| transition metal | elements that are hard, shiny, good conductors of electricity but less reactive than metals - gold, silver, copper, nickel |
| alloy | mixture of a metal with at least one other element |
| particle accelerator | powerful machine used to make synthetic elements |
| lanthanides | soft, malleable, shiny metals with high conductivity |
| semiconductor | substance that will conduct electricity only under certain conditions |
| gases | state of most nonmetals |
| nonmetals | poor conductors of electricity - elements to the right of metalloids on the periodic table |
| family | column of elements |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | organizer of the first truly useful periodic table with elements in order of atomic mass |
| metalloids | element that shares characteristics of metals and nonmetals |
| halogens | family that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine |
| noble gases | elements that do not ordinarily form compounds |
Created by:
lindakelly
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