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MarEco Unit 5
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The upper limits of donation in intertidal areas is determined mostly by what? | Abiotic factors |
The lower limits of donation in intertidal areas is determined mostly by what? | Competition and predation |
What is donation? | Separation of different organisms based on tolerance to different factors |
Which organisms would likely be in the splash zone? | Algae, snails, etc (things that don’t have to be in water for an extended period of time) |
What is the infralittoral region? | Below timeline (lowest of spring tides) |
What is the midlittoral region? | Middle (between high and low tide) |
What is the supralittoral region? | Above high tide line |
What are 3 types of tide schedules? | Diurnal, semidiurnal, and mixed semidiurnal |
What is diurnal? | 1 high tide and 1 low tide per day |
What is semidiurnal? | 2 highs and 2 lows a day of equal height |
What is mixed semidiurnal? | 2 highs and 2 lows a day not of equal height |
What is a neap tide? | Low highs and high lows |
What is a spring tide? | Highest high tides and lowest low tides |
Which moons occur when there is neap tide? | First and third quarters |
Which moons occur when it is spring tide? | New and full |
What is desiccation? | Drying out |
What is emersion? | Exit |
What is immersion? | Enter |
What are a few environmental challenges of organisms located in tide pools? | Drying out, salinity changes |
Which phylum has the second most species and the most marine species? | Mollusca |
Which phylum is not found in fresh water? | Echinoderm |
What is the function of the head-foot? | Crawling, burrowing, and swimming |
What is the function of the mantle? | Secretes shell |
What is the function of the visceral mass? | Contains digestive, reproductive, and circulatory organs |
What is the function of the gills? | Gas exchange or filter feeding |
What is the function of the radula? | To scrape food |
What is a trochophore? | Free-swimming larval stage (meroplankton) |
What is pelagic? | Open water |
What is benthic? | Bottom |
What do starfish eat? | Bivalves |
How do starfish eat? | Done outside of body/broken down by one of their 2 stomachs |
What do bivalves eat? | Plankton and marine snow |
How do bivalves eat? | Filter feeding |
What do siphons do on the clam? | Filter feed |
What is wave shock? | How hard a wave hits an organism |
How do organisms respond to wave shock and minimize it? | Short profile (less impact), flexible, attach substrate |
What is evisceration? | Expelling of organs for feeding or defense |
Which organisms eviscerate? | Echinoderms |
What is a keystone predator? | Control population |
What can happen if a keystone predator is removed? | May cause some organisms to overpopulate |
What is the purpose of the water vascular system? | Helps echinoderms move |
What is the pathway of the water vascular system in echinoderms? | Madreporite plate->stone canal->ring canal->radial canals->ampulla->podia |
What is a limpet? | Gastropoda |
What is an octopus? | Cephalopoda |
What is a Sand dollar? | Echinoderm |
What is a tusk shell? | Scaphopoda |
What is a cuttlefish? | Cephalopoda |
What is a snail? | Gastropoda |
Characteristic of a Gastropoda? | Shell/ slow mover |
Characteristic of a bivalve? | 2 shells (most don’t move) |
Characteristic of a cephalopod? | Moves fast/no shell |
Characteristic of a polyplacophora? | 8 shells |
Characteristic of a scaphodoa? | Shape point |
What are characteristics of a Asteroidea? | Prey on bivalves, have 5 arms that can regenerate, have great impact on ecology of rocky shores |
What are characteristics of ophiuroidea? | Largest class, like to hide, long-narrow arms, no anus, tube feet have no suckers |
What are characteristics of Echinoidea? | Spherical or flat shape, lack arms, internal organs enclosed by endoskeleton, bodies covered with movable spines |
What are characteristics of Holothuroidea? | Lack arms, bilateral, 5 rows of tube feet, evisceration |
What are characteristics of Crinoidea? | Mouth and anus on upper surface, prefer areas with strong currents, most primitive class, flower shaped bodies, sessile during all or part of life |