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Semester 1 Vocabular
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conduction | The process by which energy is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object by physical contact. |
| Convection | motion in a gas (as air) or a liquid in which the warmer portions rise and the colder portions sink. |
| Heat | energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| Precipitation | any type of liquid or solid water that falls to Earth surface, such as rain, snow or hail. |
| Radiation | the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| Temperature | the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object |
| thermal energy | the energy an object has due to the motion of its particles. |
| thermal expansion | the general increase in the volume of a material as its temperature is increased. |
| Weather | the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. |
| Wind | the horizontal movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. |
| chemical weathering | The chemical breakdown and decomposition of rocks by natural processes in the environment. |
| Coastline | A location where land and ocean surface meet. |
| Delta | A mass of material deposited in a triangular or fan shape at the mouth of a river or stream. |
| deposition | The process in which material is laid down. |
| dune | A mound of wind |
| erosion | The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. |
| glacier | A large mass of ice that exists year round and moves over land. |
| ice wedging | water in the ground freezes and expands causing a crack in the ground. |
| lake | A filled or partially filled basin of fresh or salt water surrounded by land. |
| physical weathering | The mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces that is caused by natural processes and that does not change the chemical composition of the rock material. |
| river | A large natural stream of water that flows across land surfaces within a Channel. |
| air pressure | The measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface. |
| atmosphere | Mixture of mostly invisible gases. |
| biosphere | Made up of living things on Earth. |
| cryosphere | Made up of all the frozen water on Earth. |
| geosphere | Mostly solid, rocky part of Earth. |
| greenhouse effect | The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy. |
| hydrosphere | Part of Earth that is liquid water. |
| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| system | a group of related parts that make up a whole. |
| Stratosphere | Temperature INCREASES as altitude increases. Many jet aircrafts fly in this layer. The ozone in the stratosphere protects us from ultraviolet radiation. |
| Thermosphere | Temperature INCREASES as altitude increases. This is where the space shuttle orbits. The aurora borealis occurs in this layer. |
| Mesosphere | Temperature DECREASES as altitude increases. Mesosphere protects Earth from meteors. This is the coldest layer. |
| Troposphere | Temperature DECREASES as altitude increases. Most weather occurs here. |
| Applied Force | A force typical push or pull, pushing a door open, pulling a rope. |
| Friction | Happens when two objects rub against each other. Friction opposes motion |
| Normal Force | For example, if a book is resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the book in order to support the weight of the book. |
| Air Resistance | The air resistance is a type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air. |
| Contact Force | A force that can cause or change motion of an object by touching it. |
| Non | Contact Force |
| Magnetic Force | A kind of non |
| Electric Force | Non |
| Gravitational Force | The force of attraction between any two objects in the universe. |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | is NEVER created or destroyed, it can only be STORED or TRANSFERRED. |
| Potential Energy | The energy stored in an object. |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of a moving object. |
| experiment | An organized procedure to study something under controlled conditions is called: |
| hypothesis | A testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation based on prior knowledge is known as: |
| theory | The statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe why the universe works under certain conditions |
| scientific law | The statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe how the universe works under certain conditions. |
| control group | The group in the experiment used as a baseline because nothing is different from its normal state |
| dependent variable | The variable that is measured for change. The variable that is affected by the independent variable |
| test (independent) variable | The variable that is changed. The variable that causes the change |
| valid | When something is supported by evidence that is reliable and relevant |
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missguitard
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