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Nutrition vocab
Vocabulary words #4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Calories | the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods. |
| Chemosynthesis | the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight. |
| Energy | -the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity |
| Ingestion | the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it. |
| Absorption | the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another. |
| Bulimia | an emotional disorder involving distortion of body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting. |
| Anorexia- | a lack or loss of appetite for food |
| Digestion | he process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body. |
| Peristalsis | he involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward. |
| Cellulose | an insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers. |
| Capillary | any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules |
| Villi | One of the fingerlike projections of the chorion that contribute to the formation of the placenta in mammals. |
| Roughage | fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs that aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut. |
| Egestion | is the discharge or expulsion of undigested material (food) from a cell in case of unicellular organisms, and from the digestive tract via the anus in case of multicellular organisms |
| Chyme | the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food |
| Constipation | is a condition of the digestive system where an individual has hard feces that are difficult to expel |
| Body mass index | BMI is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters squared. |
| Autotroph | An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. |
| Emulsification | The breakdown of fat globules in the duodenum into tiny droplets, which provides a larger surface area on which the enzyme pancreatic lipase can act to digest the fats into fatty acids and glycerol. |
| Heterotroph | n organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter |
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