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Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | The cell is the basic unit of life. |
| What is the cellular membrane? | A protective, semi-permeable, outer layer of the cell. |
| What is cytoplasm? | The watery medium in which all the organelles float inside the cell. |
| What are ribosomes? | Little grains floating around inside the cell involved in protein production. |
| The nucleus contains what? | Our DNA with all our genetic information. |
| Our genetic information is found on what? | 23 paired structures called chromosomes. |
| the nucleus is surrounded by what? | The nuclear membrane. |
| What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | A series of folded membrane pathways spotted with ribosomes. Together they make new proteins and membranes. |
| What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | It forms containers called transport vesicles that are used to move things around inside the cell. |
| What is the Golgi apparatus/body? | Packages things to be transported out and around the cell. |
| What are lysosomes? | Vesicles with digestive enzymes inside to break down the things the cell no longer need. |
| What is the mitochondria? | Have a double membrane with finger-like projections and break down sugars to make energy for the cell. |
| What is an example of an atom? | Hydrogen, Boron, Copper, Oxygen. |
| What is an example of a molecule? | Water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Glucose (C6 H12 O6) |
| What is an example of a macromolecule? | Glucose in starch, protein. |
| What is an example of an organelle? | Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm. |
| What is an example of a cell? | Ova (egg cell), sperm cell, skin cell. |
| What is an example of a tissue? | Connective tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue. |
| What is an example of an organ? | Stomach, liver, pancreas, brain. |
| What is an example of a system? | Respiratory, digestive, immunitary, lymphatic. |
| What is an example of an organism? | Human. |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| What is the shape of DNA? | Double helix. |
| What are the 4 nucleotide bases? | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G). |
| Which nucleotide bases bond with each other? | Adenine (A) binds with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) binds with Guanine (G). |
| How many chromosomes do you inherit from each parent? | 23 for a total of 46 chromosomes. |
| What is your genome? | The whole sequence of your DNA. |
| What are alleles? | The 2 versions of each trait that you get from each of your parents. |
| What are the 2 kinds of cell division? | Mitosis and Meiosis. |
| What is mitosis? | When a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides to form two daughter cell that are identical to the parent cell. |
| What is meiosis? | When a cell divides in order to create 4 daughter cells with half the DNA of the parent cell. |
| How many times does a cell divide during mitosis? | Once. |
| How many times does a cell divide during meiosis? | Twice. |
| What happens during Prophase 1? | The duplicated homologous chromosomes pair, and crossing-over (the physical exchange of chromosome parts) occurs. |