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Vol 1 review Ch 1-10
V1 C1-10 hw, lecture, test review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is an aspect of injury prevention where EMS can play an active role? | Car seat inspection |
| Epidemiology is primarily concerned with: | the frequency and pattern of health events. |
| Which of the following is an example of how paramedics support primary care when carrying out their out-of-hospital functions? | Determining the appropriateness of treating on the scene and releasing the patient |
| Consoling and offering emotional support to a person who has just seen a loved one die is an example of the professional attribute of: | empathy |
| When en route to a call, one of the paramedic's chief responsibilities is: | anticipating scene risks and needs based on dispatch information. |
| The paramedic who routinely fails to complete duties and paperwork in a timely manner is most likely lacking which of the following professional attributes? | self-motivation |
| Which of the following is an example of professional development? | Participating in mentoring activities, Attending refresher and continuing education classes, Reading professional publications |
| The paramedic is responsible for determining the mechanism of injury or nature of the illness when carrying out which of the primary responsibilities? | scene size-up |
| Knowing ________ is NOT part of the paramedic's responsibility prior to an EMS call. | the nature of illness |
| Which of the following is one of the paramedic's primary responsibilities? Accident reconstruction, public relations, crowd control, or patient disposition? | patient disposition |
| Which of the following is NOT considered an allied health profession? Nursing, physical therapy, paramedicine, respiratory therapy. | nursing is not considered an allied health profession |
| Respecting the opinions offered by peers on a call is an example of which professional characteristic? advocacy, communication, diplomacy, leadership. | diplomacy |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of the paramedic's responsibility for community involvement? | Allowing citizens to vote on EMS protocols. Paramedic responsibilities to the community DO include: Conducting illness and injury risk surveys, Teaching the public BLS classes, helping the public learn how to recognize an emergency. |
| What does a Level I trauma center provide? | Level IV trauma centers provide emergency care in remote areas where no higher level of care is available. This facility may be a clinic rather than a hospital and may or may not have a physician available. |
| What provides the guiding principles for professional EMT services? The EMT Code of Ethics or the Professional Code of Ethics? | The EMT Code of Ethics, provides guiding principles for professional EMT service. |
| Transporting nonemergency patients to locations other than an emergency department reduces emergency equipment costs and the demand for emergency personnel and results in what? | This results in a decrease in the overall operating expense, which results in an increase in revenue. |
| Which of the following is NOT part of a paramedic's administrative duties? Recordkeeping, promoting community health, Developing interagency relationships, station duties? | When the patient is first injured or becomes ill |
| The EMT Code of Ethics was established by which group? | National Association of EMTs (NAEMT) |
| What do Level I trauma centers provide? | Level IV trauma centers provide emergency care in remote areas where no higher level of care is available. This facility may be a clinic rather than a hospital and may or may not have a physician available |
| Paramedics carry out their tasks in the prehospital setting as designated agents of the: | EMS systems medical director |
| The Institute of Medicine published Emergency Medical Services for Children in: | 1993 |
| At the municipal and regional levels, the first step in developing a comprehensive EMS system is to establish a(n): | administrative oversight agency. |
| An EMS research project focused on morbidity is studying: | An EMS research project focused on morbidity is studying: the incidence of ill health. |
| Which of the following automatically provides EMS dispatchers a location and callback capability? E911 or VOIP | E911 |
| Evidence-based medicine means using the current best scientific evidence in making decisions about: | the care of individual patients. |
| Which of the following is true of intensive care units and receiving facilities? All receiving facilities should have intensive care units OR only Some receiving facilities should have intensive care units? | All receiving facilities should have intensive care units. |
| The Institute of Medicine published Emergency Medical Services for Children in: | 1993 |
| The process by which a governmental agency grants permission to engage in a given occupation to an applicant who has attained the degree of competency required to ensure the public's protection is called: | licensure |
| Which of the following best describes the practice of evidence-based medicine? Using published reports of research to change practice OR Combining clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence? | Combining clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence. |
| Few areas of the United States provided adequate prehospital care until: | the late 1960s |
| The first use of a prehospital system of triage and transport took place during: | during the Napoleonic Wars. |
| Which document includes instructional guidelines that have taken paramedic education to a much higher level? | National Emergency Medical Services Education Standards: Paramedic Instructional Guidelines. |
| Another term for mobile integrated health care is: | community paramedicine. |
| What did the National Transportation Safety Board do for the helicopter ambulance industry? | the National Transportation Safety Board recommended sweeping improvements for the helicopter air ambulance industry |
| Approximately 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, scribes in Sumer, a civilization in Mesopotamia, inscribed clay tablets with some of the earliest medical records. True or False? | True: Approximately 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, scribes in Sumer, a civilization in Mesopotamia, inscribed clay tablets with some of the earliest medical records. |
| What was the effect of the publication of Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society on modern-day EMS? | It was the "white paper" that acted as a catalyst for improving ambulance systems and emergency responder training. |
| When an EMS provider fails to follow an established treatment guideline, this is known as a(n): | rules-based failure |
| Over half of all deaths from unintentional injuries are the result of: Falls OR MVCs? | Falls |
| Vaccinations and fluoridation of drinking water are examples of how the public health system has improved the quality of life for children; these accomplishments are examples of: Primary prevention OR Tertiary prevention? | Primary prevention |
| What is the category of public health laws that empower public health officials to perform their jobs? Public health regulation OR Illness and Prevention Laws | Illness and prevention laws |
| Three motorists have experienced serious injuries from the rock slide and the area remains unstable. The EMS providers opt to close the road to prevent injuries to other motorists. Which category of public health laws applies to this situation? | Police powers for public health agencies |
| What program, established in 2009 at Temple University in Philadelphia, aids public health entities in promoting effective regulatory and legal solutions to public health problems? | Public Health Law Research Program (PHLRP) |
| One-third of all deaths among children are the result of: | One of every three deaths among children in the United States results from an injury. |
| Over half of all deaths from unintentional injuries are the result of MVCs OR Falls? | Motor vehicle collisions. Automobile collisions and crashes are responsible for over half of all deaths from unintentional injuries in the U.S. population. |
| The largest number of preventable injuries for persons over 75 years of age are caused by: Cancer OR Falls? | Falls. Falls account for the largest number of preventable injuries for persons over 75 years of age. |
| What is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of injury data essential to theplanning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice called? | Injury surveillance program |
| The calculation made by subtracting the age at death from 65 is called the: | years of productive life |
| While EMS personnel are well prepared for rescue and emergency medical care endeavors, they are less prepared for recovery efforts. Improving recovery knowledge and skills would better prepare the EMS personnel for which aspect of public health? | disaster management |
| By becoming involved in injury prevention, EMS providers can focus on how to keep an injury from everoccurring; this health strategy is called: | primary prevention |
| An increase in EMS calls for certain medical conditions or injuries is often an indicator of an evolving larger issue. What aspect of public health can EMS providers serve a role in so as to monitor for suchactivities? | disease surveillance |
| What is the term utilized for a hazardous or potentially hazardous situation that puts people in danger of sustaining injury? | injury risk |
| Mandates from managed care organizations often affect EMS providers due to increases in: | early discharge of patients |
| Public health prevention activities are largely possible because of the science of: | epidemiology |
| The process in epidemiology that addresses the monitoring of illness and injury is called: | surveillance |
| The most frequent causes of injury to children younger than 6 years are: | falls |
| Intentional or unintentional damage to a person resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical,electrical, or chemical energy or from an absence of essentials such as heat and oxygen is called: | an injury |
| You have agreed to speak to an elementary school class. Which of the following topics would be mostappropriate? | prevention education such as bicycle helmets |
| For complex health problems that resist identification through the use of field investigations andsurveillance, the public health system can employ the concept of: | analytic studies. |
| You are assisting at an immunization clinic. This is an example of: | health promotion. |
| The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community is known as: | public health |
| Which of the following errors is an ongoing issue in EMS and a common source of malpractice litigation? | Airway issues |
| Which document details some of the guiding principles for professional EMT service? | Oath of Geneva |
| When evaluating a patient with tuberculosis, paramedics should protect themselves by: | wearing HEPA respirators. |
| EMDs are trained to medically interrogate a distressed caller, prioritize symptoms, select an appropriate response, and give lifesaving pre-arrival instructions. This management method is called: | priority dispatching. |
| As a rule, which of the following services should be present in trauma systems within an EMS system? Trauma Center OR Burn Center | Trauma Center |
| For improved efficiency, EMS operations among multiple agencies should be: | integrated |
| You just sustained an accidental needle stick with a contaminated intravenous needle. You should immediately: | wash the affected area with soap and water |
| Cleaning with a bleach solution is a form of: | disinfection |
| You are assisting at an immunization clinic. This is an example of: health promotion OR injury prevention? | health promotion |
| Paramedics should work with the area health care system to develop protocols for transporting nonemergency patients to locations other than an emergency department. What benefit does this have for the EMS system? | Reduces overall costs. Transporting nonemergency patients to locations other than an emergency department reduces emergency equipment costs and the demand for emergency personnel. |
| What type of law would the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enact? | Regulatory. Regulatory (or administrative) law is enacted by an administrative or governmental agency at either the federal or state level |
| The patient refuses treatment but her mother insists that you transport her to the hospital, claiming the wound was self-inflicted and that the patient has a history of suicide attempts. Would you restrain this patient? | No, based on the information provided this could lead to assault, battery, and false imprisonment charges. |
| The settlement component of a lawsuit takes place: | at any time |
| In civil law, the person against whom charges are filed for accused wrongdoing is known as the: | defendant |
| Who answers the filing of a civil lawsuit? | The defendant |
| Which source of law is created by law-making bodies such as the U.S. Congress, state assemblies, or citycouncils? | Statutory law is created by law-making or legislative bodies |
| The person who initiates the accusation is called the plaintiff. True or False? | The person who initiates the accusation is called the plaintiff. True. |
| Where do tort cases involving negligence take place? | Tort cases involving negligence usually take place in state court. |
| Nonmaleficence means not doing harm. True or False? | True, Nonmaleficence means not doing harm. |
| What is battery? | The unlawful touching of another person is battery. |
| Does the code of ethics cover morality? | No. A code of ethics does NOT include: morality. A code of ethics addresses professional conduct, not personal morals. |
| What is a code of ethics? | A code of ethics addresses professional conduct, NOT personal morals. |
| Paramedics are obligated to treat all patients fairly. This is an aspect of? | justice. Regardless of your personal morals, you have a professional obligation to treat all patients fairly. |
| What is the a principle of: beneficence | As an EMS provider, you try to do good for the patient. This is a principle of: beneficence |
| What is an example of the deontological method for making ethical decisions? | an example of the deontological method for making ethical decisions in health care? Following the 10 commandments |
| Benevolence is? | the desire to do good |
| Beneficence is? | doing good |
| What is the interpersonal justifiability test based on? | The interpersonal justifiability test is based on asking yourself: if you can defend your actions to others |
| NAEMT developed the EMT code of ethics in? | 1978 |
| Someone who says "Just follow the Ten Commandments" is using the deontological method for making ethical decisions. True or False? | True: Someone who says "Just follow the Ten Commandments" is using the deontological method for making ethical decisions. |
| What is consequentialism? | Consequentialism evaluates decisions based on the outcome of those decisions. |
| What area is not commonly addressed by ethical codes? | Full disclosure is not specifically addressed in most professional ethics codes. |
| How many fundamental principles of bioethics are there? | There are four fundamental principles of bioethics: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. |
| Of the following list, which is part of the "objective narrative" section of the prehospital care report (PCR)? Vital signs, moi, c/c, or field diagnosis. | Of the following list, which is part of the "objective narrative" section of the prehospital care report (PCR)? Vital signs, NOT moi, c/c, or field diagnosis. |
| Which of these is a computer-scannable report on which to record patient information by filling inboxes? Bubble sheet, ePCR or addendum tag. | Which of these is a computer-scannable report on which to record patient information by filling inboxes? Bubble sheet, not ePCR or addendum tag. |
| Which of the following is not considered one of the main narrative sections of a PCR? Head to toe approach, objective narrative, subjective narrative, or assessment/management plan. | Which of the following is not considered one of the main narrative sections of a PCR? Head to toe approach, NOT objective narrative, subjective narrative, or assessment/management plan. |
| The head-to-toe approach or the body systems approach are two methods of documenting physical exams in the __________ section of a prehospital care report (PCR) narrative. | Objective. When documenting a physical exam in the objective section of the narrative, you can use a head-to-toe approach or a body systems approach. |
| Which type of study would be conducted if the researcher wants to study a behavior in more than one context? | mixed research |
| What was NOT a conclusion identified in the National EMS ResearchAgenda? | Researches with extensive careers should be sought and funded was NOT a conclusion identified in the National EMS research agenda. |
| True or False? The National EMS Research Agenda recommended collaboration between EMS researchers and other disciplines, such as social scientists, economists, and epidemiologists. | True: The National EMS Research Agenda recommended collaboration between EMS researchers and other disciplines, such as social scientists, economists, and epidemiologists. |
| The fundamental principles of the __________ are: respect for the individual, ability of the subject to make an informed decision about participating in the research, and assurance by the researcher that the patient's safety will be protected | Helsinki Declaration: Respect for the individual, ability of the subject to make an informed decision about participating in the research, and assurance by the researcher that the patient's safety will be protected |
| Which of the following draws information from the observations of a sample population? Inferential statistics, mean data sample, descriptive statistics or central tendency? | Inferential statistic draws information from the observations of a sample population. |
| The reliable, consistent, and nonarbitrary components of a research project, used to explore observations and answer questions, are known collectively as? | The reliable, consistent, and nonarbitrary components of a research project, used to explore observations and answer questions, are known collectively as the Scientific Method. |
| True or False? The National EMS Research Agenda was published in 2001 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. | True: The National EMS Research Agenda was published in 2001 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. |
| According to the National EMS Research Agenda, why must researchers must have access to pt outcome information ? | Researchers must have access to patient outcome information so that the impact of prehospital and out-of-hospital patient care can be evaluated and improved. |
| Is the scientific method a way to ask and answer questions by making observations and doing experiments. It is utilized to search for cause and effect relationships so that change to an item causes something else to vary in a predictable way. | Yes. The scientific method is a way to ask and answer questions by making observations and doing experiments. It is utilized to search for cause and effect relationships so that change to an item causes something else to vary in a predictable way. |
| Rather than starting from scratch in putting together a plan for answering your question, you use research to help you ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past. Why? | In the scientific method, the first step is to observe something and ask questions about it. This step is followed by doing background research. |
| Qualitative research uses? | Qualitative research uses a naturalistic approach that seeks to understand phenomena in context-specific settings. Qualitative research is any kind of research that produces findings by means other than that of statistical procedures. |
| Research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification is known as: | Research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification is known as Qualitative Research. |
| True or False? Qualitative research studies a behavior in the natural environment. | True. Qualitative research studies a behavior in the natural environment. |
| Which type of study would be conducted if the researcher wants to study a behavior in more than one context? | Mixed research typically studies a behavior in more than one context. |
| A mixed study refers to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Not? | A mixed study refers to the use of qualitative and quantitative methods, not prospective and retrospective methods. |
| Which type of study would have both prospective and retrospective components? | Some studies, such as before-and-after studies, have both prospective and retrospective components. |
| What is the purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)? | The IRB is a committee that approves, monitors, and reviews human research. The goal of the IRB is to protect human subjects. |
| Overall, research is now a much safer endeavor and has provided many of the advancements in modern medical care; however: | there is still a potential for harm in many studies. |
| Descriptive statistics describe the nature of the sample, such as the mean value and used to describe? | Descriptive statistics describe the nature of the sample, such as the mean value and used to describe: the basic features of the data obtained in a study |
| A mean data sample would show? | A mean data sample would just show an average, from which no population inferences could accurately be made. |
| True or False? Descriptive statistics attempt to estimate the difference between the value obtained from the sample and the value that would be obtained from the entire population. | False. Inferential statistics attempt to estimate the difference between the value obtained from the sample and the value that would be obtained from the entire population. |
| Mean, mode, and median data are elements of: | Mean, mode, and median are elements of descriptive, quantitative research: Descriptive Statistics. |
| You are assisting with an EMS research project and have defined the population. This means you know: | You are assisting with an EMS research project and have defined the population. This means you know: What group you will draw your conclusions from. |
| True or False? Once you have defined the population you want to study, you will know which group you will draw your subjects from and which group you will generalize your results to. | True. Once you have defined the population you want to study, you will know which group you will draw your subjects from and which group you will generalize your results to. |
| Measures of central tendency include: | Measures of central tendency include: the mean value. The mean is the average. The mean and median are both measures of central tendency. |
| An EMS researcher wants to conduct a study to determine why the EMS responders have had an increasing number of non-emergency calls. What type of study should the researcher conduct? Qualitative Study or Quantitative Study? | An EMS researcher wants to conduct a study to determine why the EMS responders have had an increasing number of non-emergency calls. Qualitative study should be conducted. |
| Qualitative research is primarily used to determine the? | Qualitative research is primarily used to determine the "why" and not the "how" of the phenomenon being studied. |
| The data elements that are collected on the PCR and how they are interpreted are defined in a: | The data elements that are collected on the PCR and how they are interpreted are defined in a: Data Dictionary |
| What coordinated system determines the appropriate level of response to a call from someone who detects an emergency and summons EMS? | The priority dispatching system is a coordinated system that determines the appropriate level of response to a call from someone who detects an emergency and summons EMS |
| A radio communications band that is widely available and travels far and well over varied terrain is the 800 Mhz band or the VHF band? | A radio communications band that is widely available and travels far and well over varied terrain is the VHF Band. 800 MHz frequencies are used for trunking. |
| What is true regarding the patient care report? A copy of the PCR should always be provided to the patient upon transfer of care, PCR will likely not become part of the pt record, PCR may be written or electronic, PCR is a matter of public record? | The PCR may be written or electronic is true regarding the pt care report. |
| A __________ radio device is capable of automatically selecting the strongest radio, cellular, or satellite channel when the user initiates communication: duplex or cognitive? | A cognitive radio device is capable of automatically selecting the strongest radio, cellular, or satellite channel when the user initiates communication. A duplex radio uses two preselected channels. |
| Within the basic communication model, semantics refer to: the meaning of words or the use of codes? | Within the basic communication model, semantics refer to the meaning of words. |
| An emergency medical dispatcher uses established guidelines to determine the appropriate level of response. This is known as: | An emergency medical dispatcher uses established guidelines to determine the appropriate level of response. This is known as: Priority Dispatching. |
| True or False? The process of dispatching using established guidelines to determine the appropriate response is not commonly referred to as standardized. | True: The process of dispatching using established guidelines to determine the appropriate response is not commonly referred to as standardized. |
| In the basic communication model, speaking face to face, sending a fax, leaving a voice message, or sending a written letter is known as a: Medium or Method? | In the basic communication model, speaking face to face, sending a fax, leaving a voice message, or sending a written letter is known as a: Medium. |
| What happens with priority dispatching? | With priority dispatching, EMDs use medically approved questions to determine what type of EMS response is needed. |
| It is most important to pay attention to the entire scene and not get tunnel vision because: | It is most important to pay attention to the entire scene and not get tunnel vision because situational awareness is most important when assessing a scene for safety. |
| In addition to encoding your message, you must select the medium for sending it. What are examples of mediums? | In addition to encoding your message, you must select the medium for sending it. You can speak face to face, send a fax, leave a voice message, send a letter or e-mail, or speak directly by telephone or radio. |
| In the basic communication model, the language you use might include words, numbers, symbols, or? | In the basic communication model, the language you use might include words, numbers, symbols, or special codes. |
| Currently, 99 percent of the population in the United States and 96 percent of the nation's geographic area have a 911 system. Why does this matter? | In the sequence of communications for an EMS response, detection and citizen access: are reliant on the 911 system for nearly all emergency calls. |
| The feature of "sniffing" channels for signal strength and capacity among all of the bands in a device is called: | The feature of "sniffing" channels for signal strength and capacity among all of the bands in a device is called cognitive radio. |
| A radio communications band that is widely available and penetrates concrete and steel well is the: | A radio communications band that is widely available and penetrates concrete and steel well is the: UHF band. UHF frequencies are used in cities for ambulance-hospital communications. |
| Where are Very High Frequency frequencies used most often? | VHF frequencies are used in rural and suburban areas because they travel far and well over varied terrain. |
| A duplex system allows you to transmit either voice messages or data, but not: | A duplex system allows you to transmit either voice messages or data, but not both simultaneously. |
| A multiplex system is a duplex system with the additional capability of transmitting: | A multiplex system is a duplex system with the additional capability of transmitting voice and data simultaneously. |
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