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mr. charles10
Chemistry of life notes Sherwood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| Element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| Compound | A substance made up of the joined atoms of two or more different elements |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of two or more atoms bonded togeather |
| Ion | An atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
| Cohesion | An attraction between substances of the same kind(eg.,two water molecules) |
| Adhesion | An attraction between different substances |
| Capillary Action | A proccess powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant |
| Solution | A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance |
| Acids | Compounds that form hydrgen ions when dissolved in water(pH 0-6) |
| Bases | Compoundes that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution(pH 8-14) |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1 |
| Monosaccharides | The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars such as glucose and fructose |
| Disaccharides | Are double sugars formed when two monosaccharides are joined |
| Polysaccharides | Such as starch, are chains of three or more monysaccharides |
| Macromolecule | A large molecule made of many smalles molecules |
| Cellulose | A polysaccharide that prvides structural suppost for plants |
| Lipids | Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water,They include fats, phospholipds, steroids, and waxes |
| Phospholipids | Make up the lipid bilayer of cell membranes |
| Fats | Lipids that store energy |
| Fatty Acid | A long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms bonded to them |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid where bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms, that can store a lot of energy. They are also Relatively straight molecules such as animal fats,butter, lard and grease that are solid at room temprature |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid where the carbon atoms are linked by at least one "double" covalent bond each with only one hydrogen atom producing kinks in the molecule such as olive oil, fish and vegetable oils. These are generally liquid at room temprature |
| Protein | A usually large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins |
| Nucleic Acid | A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides |
| Nucleotide | Is made up of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group. This contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms |
| Deoxyribnucleic acid (DNA) | Consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other. Chromosomes contain long strands of these which store heredity information |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Consists of a single strand of nucleotides or of based paired nucleotides.Plays a key role in the manufactoring of proteinss |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A biological molecule that is a single nucleotide with two extra energy storing phosphate groups. |
| Energy | The ability to move or change matter |
| Chemical Reaction | A process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed. Producing one or more different substances |
| Reactants | The starting materials for chemical reactions |
| Products | The newly formed substances |
| Activation energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| Enzymes | Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions |
| Catalysts | Substances the increase the speed(rate)of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction |
| subtrate | a substance on which and enzyme acts during a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | a catalase that assists in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide,H202, a toxin formed in the cells |
| active site | The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| surface tension | A property of liquids arising from unbalanced molecular cohesive forces at or near the surface of liquids |
| control group | used in an experiment for comparisons |
| a good source of fiber | carbohydrates(polysaccharide) |
| polar bonds | chemical bonds between two atoms that DO NOT share electrons evenly |
| water is a polar substance | because there are more electrons around the oxygen atom than the are around the hydrogen atoms |
| experimental group | group exposed to the independent variable(treatment) |
Created by:
eccharles77
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