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Plant processes
Sol 7.5
Term | Definition |
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Photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct. |
Respiration | a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances. |
Stomata | ny of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces. |
Guard cells | each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells. |
Chlorophyll | a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. |
Cholorplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
LIght dependent reaction | The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. |
Light independent reaction | The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. |
Energy pyramid | An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. |
Producer | Producer: is an organism, either a green plant or bacterium, which is part of the first level of a food chain. |
Mitocondria | The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. |
Autotruphs | an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. |
consumers | is an organism that feeds on plants or other animals for energy |
Herbivore | an animal that feeds on plants |
Omnivore | an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin. |
Hetertrophs | an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
Carnivors | an animal that feeds on flesh. |
Decomposer | an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material. |
Spongy layer | a layer of loosely packed and irregularly shaped chlorophyll-bearing cells that fills the part of a leaf between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis -- called also spongy parenchyma, spongy tissue. |
Palisade layer | a layer of parallel elongated cells below the epidermis of a leaf. |
Raw materials | the basic material from which a product is made. |
Oxygen | a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. |
Carbon dioxide | a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis. |
Glucose | Glucose comes from the Greek word for "sweet. |