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Unit 2, Chapter 13
Unit 2, Chapter 13 key terms--Alison Miles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ADVENTITIOUS SOUNDS | abnormal lung sounds heard with auscultation |
| ALOPECIA | partial or complete loss of hair; baldness |
| ANEURYSM | localized dilations of the wall of a blood vessel, usually caused by atherosclerosis, hypertension, or a congenital weakness in a vessel wall |
| APHASIA | abnormal neurological condition in which language function is defective or absent; related to injury to speech center in cerebral cortex, causing receptive or expressive aphasia |
| ATHEROSCLEROSIS | common arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the large-and medium-size arteries |
| ATROPHIED | wasted or reduced size or physiological activity of a part of the body caused by disease or other influences |
| AUSCULTATION | method of physical examination; listening to the sounds produced by the body, usually with a stethoscope |
| BORBORYGMI | audible abdominal sounds produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis |
| BRUIT | abnormal sound or murmur heard while auscultating an organ, gland, or artery |
| CERUMEN | yellowish or brownish waxy secretion produced by sweat glands in the external ear |
| CHANCRES | skin lesions or venereal sores (usually primary syphilis) that begin at the site of infection as papules and develop into red, bloodless, painless ulcers with a scooped-out appearance |
| CLUBBING | bulging of the tissues at the nail base that is caused by insufficient oxygenation at the periphery, resulting from conditions such as chronic emphysema and congenital heart disease |
| CRACKLES | fine bubbling sounds heard on auscultation of the lung; produced by air entering distal airways and alveoli, which contain serous secretions |
| CYANOSIS | bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule |
| DYSMENORRHEAL | painful menstruation |
| EDEMA | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues |
| ERYTHEMA | redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes that is a result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries; sunburn is an example |
| EXCORIATION | injury to the skin's surface caused by abrasion |
| HEMATEMESIS | vomiting of blood, indicating upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
| HEMORRHOIDS | permanent dilation and engorgement of veins within the lining of the rectum |
| HERNIA | protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that surrounds it |
| INDURATION | hardening of a tissue, particularly the skin, because of edema or inflammation |
| INSPECTION | method of physical examination by which the patient is visually systematically examined for appearance, structure, function, and behavior |
| JAUNDICE | yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood |
| KYPHOSIS | exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine |
| LORDOSIS | increased lumbar curvature |
| MELENA | abnormal black, sticky stool containing digested blood, indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding |
| MURMURS | blowing or whooshing sounds created by changes in blood flow through the heart or by abnormalities in valve closure |
| OPTHALMOSCOPE | instrument used to illuminate the structures of the eye in order to examine the fundus (includes retina, choroid, optic nerve disc, macula, fovea centralis, and retinal vessels) |
| OTOSCOPE | instrument, with a special ear speculum, used to examine the deeper structures of the external and middle ear |
| OTOTOXICITY | having a harmful effect on the eighth cranial (auditory) nerve or the organs of hearing and balance |
| PALLOR | unnatral paleness or absence of color in the skin |
| PALPATION | method of physical exam where fingers or hands of the examiner are applied to patient's body for the purpose of feeling body parts underlying the skin |
| PALPITATIONS | bounding or racing of the heart associated with normal emotions or a heart disorder |
| PERCUSSION | physical exam where the location, size, and density of a body part is determined by the tone obtained from the striking of short, sharp taps of the fingers |
| PERISTALSIS | rhythmical contractions of the intestine that propel gastric contents through the length of the gastrointestinal tract |
| PERRLA | acronym for "pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodative"; recorded in physical exam if eye and pupil assessments are normal |
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