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Pharm1 Chapter22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action Potential | Electrical activity consisting of a self-propagating series of polarizations and depolarizations that travel across the cell membrane of a nerve fiber during the transmission of a nerve impulse and across the cell membranes of a specific muscle c |
| Action Potential Duration (APD) | For a cell membrane, the interval beginning with the baseline (resting) membrane potential followed by depolarization and ending with repolarization to baseline membrane potential. Arrhythmia |
| Depolarization | The movement of positive and negative ions on either side of a cell membrane across the membrane in a direction that tends to bring the net charge to zero. |
| Dysrhythmia | Any disturbance or abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeart. |
| Effective refractory period (ERP) | The period after the firing of an impulse during which a cell might respond to a stimulus but the response will not be passed along or continued as another impulse. |
| Internodal pathways (Bachmann's Bundle) | Special pathways to the atria that carry electircal impulses spontaneously generated by the SA node. These impulses cause the heart to beat. |
| Relative refractory period (RRP) | The time after generation of an action potential during which a nerve fiber will show a (reduced) response only to a strong stimulus. |
| Resting membrane potential (RMP) | The transmembrane voltage that exists when the cell membrans of heart muscle (or other muscle or nerve cells) are at rest. |
| Sodium-potassium adenoside triphosphate pump (ATPase) | A mechanism for transporting sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane against an opposing concentration gradient. Energy for this transport is obtained from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP_ by means of the ezyme ATPase. |
| Sudden Cardiac Death | Unexpected, fatal cardiac arrest |
| Threshold potential (TP) | The critical state of electrical tension required for spontaneous depolarization of a cell membrane. |
| Vaughan -Williams Classification | The system most commonly used to classify antidysrhythmic drugs. |
| When administering adenosine, what should you monitor your patient for? | Transitory Asystole |
| Drug of choice for treating serious ventricular dysrhythmia is… | Lidocaine |
| How do you administer Adenosine? | FAST IV push, followed by 50ml normal saline flush. |
| What is the half life of adenosine? | 10 seconds |
| Adenosine is used to: | Treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia |
| Before administering a dose of ANY antiarrhythmic drug you should monitor this first: | Apical Pulse and Blood Pressure |
| Dysrhythmic Drugs cause… | other dysrhythmias |
| Automaticity | The hearts ability to generate an impulse |
| Pacemaker of the heart | SA Node |
| Excitability/Irritability | Ability of the cardiac muscle cell to respond to an electrical stimulus. |
| Refractory | Period of time in which the cell cannot respond to a new stimulus |
| Conductivity | Ability of cardiac tissue to transmit electrical impulses |
| What do antidysrhythmic drugs do? | Alter heart's electrical conduction sytem. |
| Mechanism of action for antidysrhythmic drugs is? | reduce automaticity, slow conduction and prolong refractory period. |
| What's asystole? | non-shockable rhythm, use drugs first, no heartbeat |
| Vaughan-Williams has how many classes? | 4 |
| Mexiletine and tocainide are oral analogs of: | Lidocaine with similar actions |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Anti convulsant use to treat dysrhythmias produced by digoxin intoxication. Not a cardiac depressant |
| Adenosine's trade name is? | Adenocard |
| Mechanism of action Adenosine: | Slows conduction through AV node, used to convert paroxymal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm. |
| Which drug causes asystole for a few seconds? | Adenosine |
| Antydysthythmics' Side Effects are: | Hypersensitivity reactions, n/v/d, Dizziness, Blurred Vision, Headache |
| When implementing antidysrhythmias, advise the patient to do this: | Write down or journal any side effects |
| Solutions of lidocaine that contain epinepherine should not be given IV because??? | They are to be used as local anesthetics |
| If a drug has a prodysrhythmic effect, then you should monitor for these: | New dysrhythmias |
| Amiodarone (Cordarone) | Electrophysiological characteristics for sodium channel blockers, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. |
| When given IV, the major effect of amiodarone is: | Slowing down conduction of AV node and prolonging refractory period. |
| When given PO, amiodarone: | Prevents recurrent C-tach, and fib and maintains NSR after AF conversion. |
| What is ACLS? | Advanced Cardiac Life Support |
Created by:
cspearsall
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