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NRTC cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug classification that increases blood flow to ischemic heart muscle by vasodilation or decrease myocardial oxygen demand | Antianginal drugs |
| most common routes for nitroglycerin to be absorbed into the bloodstream | Sublingual buccal translingual sprays |
| Rapid acting drug used to treat anginal attack it is PRN | Nitroglycerin |
| Long-acting drug use prevent anginal episodes it is prophylactic daily | Isosorbide mononitrate |
| Steps to take if anginal pain occurs | Take one sublingual Nitroglycerin then wait 5 minutes if no relief call nine-one-one and take a second sublingual nitroglycerin wait 5 minutes take third sublingual nitroglycerin no more than three and do not try to drive to the hospital |
| Why should you never chew or swallow sublingual nitroglycerin | You want it to bypass the liver for faster absorption |
| Why is nitroglycerin stored in an airtight dark glass bottle with a metal cap and no cotton filler | To preserve potency |
| How long does it take for nitroglycerin to lose its potency after the bottle has been opened | 3 months |
| What sensation should occur sublingual that indicates nitroglycerin is still potent | Burning sensation |
| Headache orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia are adverse effects of which drug | Nitroglycerin |
| What drug is administered for the adverse effect of reflex tachycardia with nitroglycerin | Beta blockers |
| To avoid tolerance of nitrate transdermal patches what should you instruct the patient to do | Remove patch at bedtime for 10 to 12 hours |
| When should a new nitrate transdermal patch be applied | In the morning |
| Do not use a patch that has been | Cut or damaged |
| What should you use when handling transdermal patches | Gloves |
| What should a patient do that is taking sublingual nitroglycerin and experiencing chest pain and hypotension | Lie down to decrease dizziness |
| When giving nitroglycerin IV what should you remember to use | Special non PVC tubing and bags |
| What contraindicated drug results in life-threatening hypotension | Sildenafil AKA Viagra |
| What are other contraindications for Nitroglycerin | Alcohol beta blockers calcium channel blockers and diuretics |
| Beta blockers calcium channel blockers and diuretics are all what drug classification | Antihypertensive |
| Why should a patient taking nitroglycerin avoid hot tubs whirlpools hot baths and saunas while drinking alcohol | It will result in vasodilation and hypotension with the possibility of fainting |
| Inhibits the action or formation of clotting factors also known as fibrin | Anticoagulants |
| List 4 anticoagulants | Heparin enoxaprin Warfarin rivaroxaban |
| Inhibits platelet aggregation prevents platelet plugs | Antiplatelets |
| List two antiplatelet drugs | Aspirin Clopidogrel |
| Lyse break down or dissolve existing clots | Thrombolytic drugs |
| An example of a thrombolytic drug | Alteplase AKA TPA |
| Promotes blood coagulation | Hemostatic or anti fibrinolytic drugs |
| What is the most common dose of aspirin given | 81 mg |
| What is the first thing the body does after it starts bleeding from an open wound | Vasoconstrict |
| A female cancer patient on birth control just had surgery for fractures along the femur hip and knee she is post-op and immobilized what is this patient at high risk for | Emboli |
| Has no direct effect on a blood clot that is already formed prevents clot formation | Anticoagulants |
| Proteins that contribute to clotting | Clotting factors |
| Turn off coagulation Pathways to prevent clot formation | Heparin |
| What routes is heparin given | IV or subcutaneously |
| Dislodged clot fat or air | Embolus |
| What instructions would you give a patient using heparin subcutaneously | Never massage the site and always rotate sites |
| Massaging a site after a Heparin injection results in what | Hematoma |
| When verifying a Heparin dose you should | Double check with another nurse |
| Aptt stands for | Activated partial thromboplastin time |
| Normal aptt is | 30 40 seconds |
| therapeutic aptt level for a patient on heparin | 2 times the normal value or 45 to 80 Seconds |
| What is the antidote for heparin | Protamine sulfate |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin given Sub-Q in the abdomen less expensive alternative to heparin no lab test required | EnoxapaRin AKA Lovenox |
| What should you do with the bubble in a pre-filled Lovenox syringe | Leave it alone it ensures the patient receives all the medication |
| Antidote for enoxaparin | Protamine sulfate |
| Oral anticoagulant that may take up to 5 days after the first dose for therapeutic effects to take place | Warfarin |
| While waiting for Warfarin effects to Kik in what medication is given until therapeutic levels have been monitored | Heparin |
| Antidote for heparin | Vitamin K |
| Normal International normalized ratio INR lab | 0.7 to 1.8 |
| INR therapeutic range when on warfarin | Two to three |
| Normal Prothrombin time PT lab | 11 to 12.5 seconds |
Created by:
LBerkey
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