Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chemistry and rocks
science test over chemisty, rocks, and minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between physical & chemical properties? Give examples of each. | Physical- observed without changing composition. Ex. density , color, hardness, freezing point, boiling pt., conductivity. Chemical- how it reacts w other things to form a new substance. Ex. rusting, flammability, reactivity. |
| What is the difference between an atom and subatomic particles (tell definitions)? | Atom-smallest unit of any element, makes up everything. Subatomic particles- atoms are made of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, +electrons. |
| can’t be broken down, has each its own physical+chemical properties to identify it, this is a breakdown of elements in Earth’s crust. | Element |
| What are the three subatomic particles and their charges? | Proton (+), neutron (0), electrons (-). |
| What is inside the nucleus and the electron cloud? | Nucleus has (+) charge, protons, and neutrons. The nucleus was most of the mass but not the volume of an electron cloud, the area around the nucleus where the electrons stay. The attraction between the proton and electron keep the atom together. |
| What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? | The atomic # is the # of protons. Mass is the sum of protons and neutrons. |
| Why do we not account for the electron in the atomic mass? | The electron mass is so small that you just don’t count the electron mass in the atomic mass. |
| How are isotopes and ions different (give definitions)? | Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic # but different # of neutrons. Ions is a atom or molecule that has a non zero net charge electrical charge. |
| What are valence electrons? | On outside of electron cloud. Mainly determines the chemical properties of an element. |
| How are compounds and molecules different? | Compound is 2 or more different elements in a molecule. Molecule is the same element. |
| what are the 4 types of Bonds? | Chemical, Ionic, Covalent, and Polar Covalent. |
| all forces that hold atoms together in a molecule. This is because of the positive and negative charges in the atom. To form they either share or trade valence electrons | Chemical Bond |
| an atom or molecule that has either gained or lost an electron. It’s an attraction between positive and negative ions. They Transfer electrons from one atom or molecule to another.The new compound is called an ionic compound. | Ionic Bond |
| - Bond formed when atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons. The positive nucleus of each atom or compound are attracted to the shared negative electrons. | Covalent Bond |
| Polar covalent bond- In most cases, the atoms or compounds do not share the electrons equally. This means some “take” more of the electrons than others. | Polar Covalent Bond |
| different ________ have different abilities to pull their _________! | elements, electrons! |
| What are the different mixtures and how are they different? | Give examples of each. Homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogen. Is when 2 or more substances mix and they are dispersed throughout. Hetero. Is mix of 2 or more substance. That are not uniformly dispersed. |
| Name the criteria to be a mineral (all four) | Naturally occuring, inorganic, solid in crystalline form, consistent chemical composition. |
| What are the two main groups of minerals and their differences? | Silicates and non silicates. Silicates have to have oxygen and silicate, could possibly contain 1 or more minerals. Non silicate is no oxygen or silicates. |
| Name physical properties we use to identify minerals. | Color, streak, Luster, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness, Shape, and Density |
| definitions of color, streak, luster, and cleavage. | Color-color of mineral. Streak-color of mineral in powder. Luster-metallic/non metallic. Cleavage- tendency to split along plains. |
| definitions of fracture, hardness, shape, and density | Fracture-manner in which mineral breaks along surfaces. Hardness-ability to resist being scratched. Shape-way the minerals form. Density- ratio of mass to volume. |
| What are some special properties minerals can posses? | Magnetism, phosphoric, specific Gravity. |
| What are the three types of rocks? | Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. |
| explain an igneous rock | latin for “from lava”. Forms from magma as it cools and hardens. Magma is underground, lava when it’s above surface. |
| explain a metamorphic rock | way under surface, tremendous pressure, heat and chemical processes can change rocks too. These forces can change already existing rocks into rocks called metamorphic rocks. Word actually means “changed form”. |
| explain a sedimentary rock | agents of erosion like wind and water breaks down rocks into smaller pieces called sediment. Sediment is carried away by wind, water,and ice then deposited.They are ten compressed into ground and cemented together and hardened to form sedimentary rocks. |
| Explain the rock cycle in your own words. | How a rock can change in its life, by going through the different types. |
| Explain Bowen’s reaction cycle | Explained how minerals form as magma solidifies. Found certain minerals, as they solidify, composition of magma changes. They either form slowly or gradually or a sudden change in mineral types. |
| How do humans affect the rock cycle? | By mining rocks for materials such as gold and for fuel like gas, oil,+coal. Humans also Quarry which is where you remove stone from large open pits dug into Earth’s surface. Quarries provide materials like marble for the construction industry. |
| What is the difference between partial melting and fractional crystallization? | Partial melting is when it is hot enough to melt only melt some of the mineral in the rock. Fractional crystallization is the opposite of partial melting. |
| Where do crystals go in the lava? | They sink to the bottom of the magma. |
| What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks? | Intrusive is found underground (magma) and extrusive is found above ground (lava) |
| What are the textures for igneous rocks and explain them? | Porphyritic- mix or large and small mineral crystals. Glassy- very small % of crystals. Reticular- rapid cooling causes rocks full of holes. |
| What are the two different types of composition for igneous rocks? | Felsic- Rich in feldspar and silicates, light color. Mafic- rich in magnesium and iron, dark color. |
| Name some intrusive and extrusive igneous rock structures. | Intrusive ( dikes, sills, laccoliths, volcanic necks, plutons) extrusive ( lava flow, volcano, lava plateau) |
| What processes create sedimentary rocks and explransportationain them? | Weathering(erosion)caused mainly by friction of waves, transportation where the sediment is carried along by a current, deposition and compaction its where the sediment is squashed together to form a rock. |
| What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks and their differences? | Clastic (formed when fragments cement together), chemical (formed when minerals that were once dissolved by water, but has now precipitated) , organic (formed from remains of once living things). |
| What are clastic characteristics? | like breccia,conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,+shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.Chemical sedimentary rocks,such as rock salt,iron ore,chert, flint,some dolomites,+ some limestones, form when dissolved minerals precipitate from solution. |
| Name some sedimentary rock formations? | Mud cracks, ripple marks, fossils. |
| What are the two types of metamorphism? | Folicated and non folicated |
| How can we classify metamorphic rocks? | Bases on texture and mineral composition. |
Created by:
lmccoy87
Popular Earth Science sets