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Biology circulation

TermDefinition
Inhalation Diaphragm contracts and moves down Intercostal muscles contracts and lifts the ribs up and out Volume of thorax increases Pressure in thorax decreases Air flows from outside into the lungs from high to low pressure
Exhalation Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Intercostal muscled relaxes and drops the ribs down and in Volume of thorax decreases Pressure in thorax increases Air flows from inside the lungs from high lower to higher pressure
Alveoli adaptions Many alveoli Large surface area so more oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse across at the same time
Alveoli adaptation 1 cell thick walls Shorter diffusion pathway
Alveoli adaptation Moist walls Oxygen and carbon dioxide can dissolve and diffuse more easily
Alveoli adaptation Rich blood supply Oxygen is constant taken away and carbon dioxide is constantly supplied to the capillaries maintaining the lower concentration of oxygen and the higher concentration of carbon dioxide at the capillaries to aid diffusion
Adrenaline When an animal is stressed it releases adrenaline. The adrenaline binds to receptors in the heart. This causes the heart to contract more frequently and with more force so that the heart rate increases. This increases the oxygen supplied to muscles in pre
Plasma Function Adaptations It is a liquid that allows the blood to flow to transport blood cells and also dissolved substances such as digested food products, products of excretion, hormones and heat energy Adaptations Liquid
Platelets Function Adaptations Small fragments of cells that clump together to form a blood clot, preventing pathogens entering a wound Adaptations None
Red blood cells Function Adaptations Transport oxygen to all cells in the body Adaptations Bin cave shape to increase surface area so that they can absorb more oxygen No my lease so there is more room for oxygen Contains iron containing haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
White blood cells Function Kill pathogens by engulfing and digesting them or producing proteins called antibodies that stick to pathogen called antibodies that stick to pathogens resulting in their death
Created by: Evan Hughes
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