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Earth Systems Part 2
Rocks and soil
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rock Cycle | The slow process by which old rocks are recycled into new rocks |
| Metamorphic | This type of rock forms deep in the earth as a result of extreme heat and pressure |
| Rock | A naturally occurring solid mixture of minerals and organic matter |
| Texture | The size, shape and position of the grains that make up a rock |
| Igneous | Rock formed from cooled magma |
| Weathering | The breakdown of rocks into fragments due to wind, ice and heat |
| Erosion | The process by which sediment is removed from its source |
| Strata | layers of rock |
| Composition | The chemical makeup of a rock |
| Sedimentary | This type of rock forms as deposited sediment becomes compacted and cemented |
| Intrusive Igneous Rock | Forms as magma cools slowly within the earth |
| Deposition | The process by which eroded sediment is laid down |
| Sediments | small grains and fragments of weathered rock |
| Extrusive Igneous Rock | This fine grained rock forms as magma cools quickly on the surface |
| Mineral | A naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure |
| Crystalization | When atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
| Inorganic | Not alive and never was |
| Streak | The color of the powder of a mineral |
| Cleavage | The way a mineral breaks |
| Color | This property is the most obvious but can be misleading due to impurities present in some minerals |
| Hardness | A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| Luster | The way in which a mineral reflects light |
| Density | How much matter is in a given amount of space |
| Organic | Living or alive at one time |
| Soil Horizon | A layer of soil with properties different from the layers above or below it |
| Soil | Mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water and air |
| Sand | Visible without a microscope, gritty, holds little water |
| Humus | The organic part of soil; forms when dead plants or animals decay |
| Silt | Not visible without a microscope, powdery when wet, holds more water then sand |
| Clay | Not visible without a microscope, sticky, holds lots of water |
| Soil Conservation | When you prevent soil erosion or keep soil from being contaminated |
| Contour Plowing | When farmers plow across the slope of hills to prevent soil erosion |
| Crop Rotation | When farmers plant different crops in order to use less nutrients from the soil |
| Vegetative Covering | Covering soil with plants to prevent soil erosion from wind and rain |
| Cover Crops | A crop planted primarily to manage soil erosion, fertility or quality |
| Wind Breaks | When trees or shrubs are planted to act as a barrier to protect soil from wind erosion |
| No-till Farming | A way of growing crops without disturbing the soil through tillage |
| Terracing | Making steps on the sides of hills to help control soil erosion |
Created by:
kerrip12
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