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Anatomy 132 Blood
Chptr 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the viscosity of blood? | 4.0 |
| What is a normal RBC count? | 4-5 million per mm3 |
| What is a normal WBC count? | 5-10 thousand per mm3 |
| What cells are called Granulocytes | eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils |
| Which cells are called Agranulocytes | Lymphocytes, monocytes |
| Which cell is the smallest? | Lymphocyte |
| Which cell is the largest | Monocyte |
| What % of WBCs is Monocytes? | 2-8% |
| What % of WBCs is Lymphocytes | 20-35% |
| What % of WBCs is Eosinophils? | 1-3% |
| What % of WBCs is basophils | 0-1% |
| What % of WBCs is Neutrophils? | 55-70% |
| What can cause a decrease in monocytes? | infectious mono, or viral infection |
| What can cause a decrease in lymphocytes? | HIV, T-cells in particular |
| What can cause an increase in eosinophils? | parasites or protozoa infection |
| What is a normal platelet count? | 200,000 -400,00 per mm3 |
| What is the normal pH of the blood? | 7.15 - 7.35 |
| What is the normal salinity of the blood? | 0.85% |
| What is the normal temperature of the blood? | 38' |
| What is the normal volume of the blood? | 5.25 liters |
| What does Hemopoiesis mean? | manufacturing of the blood |
| What is a hemacytoblast? | a pluripotent blood stem cell capable of developing into all blood cell types |
| What is a macrophage | an activated, wandering monocyte that is very good at phagocytosis, have different names depending on what tissue it is found in |
| What is a histocyte? | a macrophage found in the connective tissue |
| What is a Dust cell? | A macrophage found in the respiratory tissue |
| What is Neuroglia? | a macrophage found in the nervous tissue |
| What is a Kuppfer cell? | A macrophage found in the digestive tract or liver |
| What is ths shape of a RBC? | biconcave disc |
| Which organelles is a RBC lacking? | nucleus,mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus |
| What is the normal lifespan of a RBC? | 120 days |
| What do you call hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen? | oxyhemoglobin |
| How many heme groups does hemoglobin have? | 4 |
| What do you call hemoglobin that is bound to CO2? | carbaminohemoglobin |
| What % of CO2 is carried by hemoglobin? | 27%, rest by plasma |
| How does oxygen diffuse into cell? | Diffuses into interstitial space by a concentration gradient |
| What 3 components does Hemoglobin break down into? | ferritin, globular core, bilirubin |
| Where does ferritin end up? | gets recycled back to bone marrow |
| Where does globular core end up? | Goes to liver gets chopped up and nitrogen waste enters blood and gets excreted as urea in the urine |
| What happens to the bilirubin | moves to liver and gets broken down, gets excreted into bile then enters intestines and gets excreted into feces |
| what is erythropoiesis? | manufacture of the RBCs |
| What is Renal Erythropoietic Factor? | produced by kidney in response to decreased oxygen activates erythropoietin in the plasma |
| Which vitamin is required for RBC development? | Vitamin B-12 |
| How does a hemocytoblast know what cell to become? | It's under homeostatic hormonal control |
| What is erythropoietin? | Protein/hormone manufactured by liver, released into plasma, activated by Renal Erythropoietic Factor, targets Hemocytoblast in Bone marrow to develop into RBC, thus increasing number of RBCs |
| What is the normal values of a hematocrit for males and females? | 37-47 % for females 42-52 % for males |
| What is polycythemia | too many rbcs problem is usually with the kidney |
| Name 3 types of anemia | 1. Pernicious amemia--low b12 2. iron deficiency anemia 3. Sickle Cell Anemia--defect in hgb structure |
| What is normal Hemoglobin content? | 12-18 g /mm3 |
| What % of WBCs is capable of phagocytosis? | 90% |
| Which type of WBC phagocytizes the Ab-AG complex? | eosinophils |
| Which type of WBC can produce antibodies? | B-lymphocyte |
| define diapedesis | ability to crawl through tiny places, makes WBCs migratory |
| what are HLA s | Human Leukocyte Antigens antigens on the surface of WBCs that are specific to an individual |
| define antigen | anything that can cause an immune reaction |
| Name 3 things that can cause leukocytosis | infection inflammation infestation: parasites |
| Name 2 things that will cause leukopenia | 1. leukemia 2. genetic factors causing immunodeficiancy |
| What is the life span of a platelet? | 10-12 days |
| What are the 2 pathways of coagulation? | intrinsic-bleeding internally extrinsic: bleeding outside body |
| What are the main factors clotting? | 1. vascular spasm 2.platelets 3.coagulation proteins |
| What initiates clotting in the extrinsic pathway? | exposure of the blood to atmospheric oxygen |
| Why are platelets sticky? | cytoplasmic extensions |
| What converts prothrombin to thrombin? | prothrombinase |
| What converts fibrinogen to fibrin? | thrombin |
| What is thromboplastin? | Tissue factor III, comes from damaged blood vessel, initiates extrinsic clotting pathway,activates prothrombinase in conjunction with Calcium |
| Where are the coag proteins manufactured? | Liver |
| What is fibrinolysis? | Clot dissolution, clot dissolved caused by plasmin |
| What is a thrombus? | A clot in an unbroken blood vessel,potentially dangerous b/c can cause heart attack or stroke |
| What is an FDP test? | Fibrin Degradation Products. If levels are high then indicates there is not much clotting power left in the body. |
| What is the normal time in a Bleeding Time test? | 5-10 minutes |
| Which blood type used to be called a universal receiver? | Type AB |
| What blood type used to be called a universal donor? | Type O |
| Name 3 RBC antigens other than A,B, D. | Kell, Duffy, Kidd |
| What disease can occur when an Rh positive baby is born to an RH negative mother? Give alternative name also. | Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn aka Erythroblastosis Fetalis |
| What drug can prevent an Rh reaction in pregnancy? | Rhogam |
| Where can RBC's be made in adults? | only in Bone Marrow, unless bm is compromised as in radiation then liver can turn on again |
| Where can platelets be manufactured in both fetus and adult? | only in Bone marrow |
| Where can WBCs be made in fetus? | bone marrow, spleen, liver, tonsils, appendix |
| Where can WBCs be made in adult? | Bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix,(liver if bm wiped out) |
Created by:
karenanda
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