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Pharm1 Chapter17
Pharm1 Chapter 17 Nikki
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) | Adrenergic Agents (Fight or Flight) |
| Adrenergic Agents are also known as | Adrenergic agonists, and sysmpathomimetics |
| What mimics the effects of the SNS neurotransmitters | Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine |
| What predominant responses do you get from alpha-adrenergic agonists | Vasoconstriction- vasopressor or “pressors” make blood vessels smaller and tighter |
| Beta 1 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in the | Heart |
| Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in | The smooth muscle of the bronchiles, arterioles, and visceral organs |
| The stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscles results in | Vasconstriction of blood vessels, relazation of GI, contraction of the ciliary muscles of the eye (dilated pupils) |
| Stimulation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors on the myocardium, AV node, and SA node results in cardiac stimulation | Increased force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) Increased heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) Increased conduction through the AV node (positive dromotropic effect) |
| Stimulation or beta 2 adrenergic receptors on the airways results in | Bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi) |
| Adrenergic agents are used for | Respiratory problems, Hypersensitivity (allergic reactions), topical nasal decongestants, ophthalmic indications, cardiovascular emergencies |
| Agents that stimulate beta 2 receptors of bronchial smooth muscles, causing relaxation are | Beta 2 agonists |
| Quick acting inhaled bronchodilators | Albuterol (proventil, ventolin) |
| Long acting bronchodilators | Salmeterol (serevent, advair |
| During an allergic reaction adrenergic agents relieve | Edema in the respiratory tract, skin, and other tissues |
| Adrenergic agents that are in the form of topical nasal decongestants cause | Constriction of dilated arterioles, decreasing congestion |
| What medication is often used for a nasal decongestant | Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) |
| How does opthalmic adrenergic agents work | They cause a reduction of intraocular pressure and mydriasis (pupil dilation) is also used for the treatment of open angle glaucoma |
| Vasoactive sympathomimetics are used to | Support the heart during cardiac failure or shock |
| What various alpha and beta receptors are effected and are given IV during cardiac shock | Dobutamine, dopamine, and epinephrine |
| What adverse effects do alpha adrenergic s have on the CNS | Headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, and euphoria |
| What adverse effects do alpha adrenergics have on the cardiovascular system | Palpitations (dysrhythmias), tachycardia, vasoconstriction, and hypertension |
| What side effects is caused by alpha adrenergics, and is most common in older men | Urinary retention |
| What side effects does beta adrenergic s have on the CNS | Mild tremors, headache, nervousness, and dizziness |
| What side effects does beta adrenergics have on the cardiovascular system | Increased heart rate, palpitations (dysrhythmias, and fluctuations in BP |
| What are some other side affects that beta adrenergics have on the body | Sweating, nausea, vomiting, and muscle cramps |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline) effects the body by | Increasing the systolic BP, and causing vasoconstriction in peripheral blood vessels |
| Epinephrine relieves | Acute bronchospasms and laryngeal edema of anaphylaxis |
| Epinephrine is used in cardiac arrest for | Cardiac stimulation, peripheral vasoconstriction |
| Epinephrine can be given | Inhalation, IV, IM, and topically; CANNOT be given ORALLY |
| Pseudoephedrine (sudafed) is used for | Bronchodilating and nasal decongestant effects |
| Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) is used for | Vasconstriction and has no cardiac stimulation |
| Before giving alernergic agents you should assess for | Allergies and history of hypertension, cardiac dysrethmias, or other cardiovascular disease, renal, hepatic, and cardiac function. Should also perform vital signs |
| What could happen if dopamine and dobutamine infiltrates the tissue | It could kill the tissue |
| When administering an adrenergic agent you should | Check the IV site often for infiltration, use clear IV solutions, infuse agent slowly, and monitor cardiac rhythm |
| Serevent and Advair are used as | Preventatives for bronchoconstriction |
| While taking adrenergic agents, patients should avoid | Taking OTC or other medications because of possible interactions |
| Administering two adrenergic agents together may precipitate severe cardiovascular effects such as | Tachycardia or hypertension |
| What therapeutic effects do adrenergic agents have on the body | Decreased adema, increased urinary output, return to normal vitals, improved skin color and temperature, and increased level of conciousness (LOC) |
Created by:
cspearsall
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