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7th grade cells
Organelles and functions of human, animal and plant cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitochondria | Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates. Also controls level of water and other materials in cell and recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal. It contains water solution and helps plants maintain their shape |
| Nucleus | is an organelle controlling the cell functions.has 2 major functions, to store the cell DNA and control the cell activities. Only eukaryotic cells have this organelle & take up 10% of the cell’s volume making it one of the most important features. |
| Chloroplast | only found in plant cells and also provides food for the cell. They function to convert light energy (sunlight) into sugars that can be used by the cell & also releases oxygen (photosynthesis). Also contains chlorophyl to help with this process. |
| Ribosome | They are tiny structures in the cell & produce protein. The location of the organelle predicts what type of protein it creates. |
| Cell membrane | This organelle is a thin semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm & protects the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances to enter the cell and some to be kept outside |
| Cell wall | is found outside the cell membrane & surrounds the cell. It contains cellulose, protein & other polysaccharides. It provides support & protection and the pores in it allow water & nutrients to enter the cell. |
| Cytoplasm | This is a jelly-like substance which holds up the other organelles and is surrounded by the cell membrane. It also contains hereditary material. |
| Chromosomes | Is located within the nucleus and is made of DNA. This organelle also contains instructions for traits and characteristics |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Moves materials around in cell and has two types: rough and smooth • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type: ribosomes embedded in the surface |
| Golgi bodies | Protein 'packaging plant' It moves materials within the cell and moves materials out of the cell |
| Lysosomes | Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates It transports undigested material to the cell membrane for removal and the cell will break down if this organelle explodes |
Created by:
lucyhatch
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