Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology Exam #4
Chapters 10,17-23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a household example of biotechnology | bread making |
| Part of the cleanup efforts for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 involved ________ | bioremediation |
| What does it mean to refer to an organism as a "recombinant" in the biotechnology field | an organism with DNA from multiple sources |
| What represents advancements due to genetic engineering | -medicine and vaccine productionWhat represents advancements due to genetic engineering -enhanced nutrition -resistant crop production -mass production of industrial enzymes |
| The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to rapidly increase the amount of _______ in a sample and operates by repetitive cycling of _____ basic steps. | DNA three |
| This step requires the addition of synthetic oligonucleotides, called _______, which bind to the separated DNA strands through | primers |
| At the end of the cycle , ______ complete strands of DNA are formed which can now serve as templates for subsequent cycles of amplification. | two |
| The primer-bound DNA strands are ready for synthesis and are now called _________. | amplicons |
| In the final step, ________ occurs at _____ degrees Celsius with the addition of ___________ and nucleotides | extension 72 |
| The system is then cooled to _______ degrees Celsius for _______ to occur. | 50 to 60 priming |
| ____________ is initiated by heating the target DNA to ____ degrees Celsius, separating it into two strands. | Denaturation 94 |
| Genetic technology can play a role in the outcome of a trial in a court of law. T/F | True |
| Statement that best describes the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering | restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA as specific locations |
| Three basic steps in PCR cycle when all reagents and the DNA sample that are to be amplified are mixed and ready to go | -Denaturation at 94 degrees C -Annealing primers at 60 degrees C -Extension at 72 degrees C |
| Phenotypic | includes techniques for the observation of a microbe's microscopic and macroscopic morphology, physiology, and biochemical properties |
| Genotypic | includes techniques for the analysis of a microbe's DNA and RNA |
| Immunologic | includes techniques for the analysis of a microbe using antibodies, or of patient's antibodies using pre-packaged antigens |
| Statement that best describes the indirect ELISA technique | detects the presence of antibody in a sample using a known antigen absorbed onto the well |
| Breakthrough methods of genome analysis | -genome sequences from dif organisms associated w/ specific syndrome are affixed to a chip in microarray analysis -deep tissue inf, inc. biofilm inf of artificial joints, can be visualized using MRI, PET, and CT scans |
| Statements that apply to the process of agglutination | -antigens are whole cells such as RBCs -antigen-antibody reactions from an insoluble aggregate -one antigen interacts w/multiple antibodies |
| Recombinant DNA technology | Deliberately removing genetic material from one organism and combine it with that of a different organism |
| Three goals of recombinant DNA technology | -Eliminate undesirable phenotypic traits -Combine beneficial traits of two or more organisms -Create organisms that synthesize products humans need |
| Does recombinant DNA techbology pose any risk to human health or environmental | Multiple, well controlled, peer-reviewed studies have not shown any risks to human health or environment |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides. |
| Real-time PCR | newly made DNA is tagged with a fluorescent dye; the levels of fluorescence can be measured after every PCR cycle Can detect products during the reaction instead of at the end |
| Multiplex PCR | multiple specific primers that result in different length fragments all used in the same reaction |
| PCR plays an essential role in | Gene mapping, study of genetic defects and cancer, forensics, infectious disease diagnosis, taxonomy studies |
| restriction enzymes | in cloning by insert gene into a plasmid vect express protein recognize and clip at palindromes Cuts with 'blunt' or 'sticky' ends staggered symmetrical cuts that leave short tails Base-pair w/comp tails on other DNA frag/ plasmids cut w/ same enzyme |
| gel electrophoresis | Separates molecules based on electrical charge, size, and shape (smaller fragments migrate faster than larger ones) |
| DNA fingerprinting | unique DNA sequence identifies individuals or organisms |
| How many types of herpes simplex viruses | 2 (HSV 1 and HSV 2) |
| HSV-1 | affect oral mucosa leading to cold sores; more prone to Alzheimer's disease (80% of elderly HSV-1+) |
| HSV-2 | genital infections - Latent due to miRNAs: reactivated in stress, UV radiation, injury, menstruation o HSV-1 remains in trigeminal nerve o HSV-2 remains in ganglion of lumbosacral spinal nerve trun |
| Treatment of HSV | Acyclovir and topical ointments very effective |
| Syphilis scientific name | Treponema pallidum |
| Primary syphilis | painless chancres (large red bumps) that enlarges to a shallow crater |
| Secondary syphilis | invasion; red or brown widespread rash and lymphadenopathy |
| Tertiary and latency syphilis | rare but can last 20 years or longer ---> heart failure and congenital defects |
| Candida albicans | Dimorphic normal biota fungi in mouth, vagina, and GI - Opportunistic: broad spectrum antibiotics, tight pants, diabetic, pregnant, or menstruating women - Oral thrush in babies |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) | Pubic pain, frequent urges to urinate, and burning pain with urination (dysuria) - caused by (E. coli - 80% of UTIs) - acid pH, lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgA, mucus |
| C. difficile disease | GI disease that produces enterotoxin, colitis with superinfection, cause diarrhea, disruption of normal biota due to antibiotics, may need fecal transplant treatment: antibiotics, probiotics, or fecal transplant |
| Hepatitis Virus | (Inflammatory liver condition with accompanied jaundice (accumulation of bilirubin) |
| Hepatitis A/E | (nonenveloped ssRNA virus) Mild, generally nonvirulent, Fecal-oral route |
| Hepatitis B | (enveloped DNA virus) Enters through break in skin/mucous membranes oCo-infection with RNA virus hepatitis D: permanent liver damage and death |
| Hepatitis C | (RNA virus) silently affects 4.1 million Americans Most common cause of liver cancer in the U.S. 75-85% remain infected indefinitely No vaccine |
| Gastric Ulcer | Heliobacter pylori - Lesions in stomach mucosa ---> sharp or burning pain - favor O blood type - WBC's damage mucosal lining - Transmission most likely oral-fecal - HelicoVax vaccine: concerns over H. pylori's protection against asthma |
| GI tract defenses | Mouth and anus saliva lysozymes stomach acidity intestinal alkalinity competition from normal flora |
| Tuberculosis caused by | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Diagnosis of TB | First visit: Perform Mantoux test Second Visit: 48-72 hours later to read result Positive Result: test bump larger than 5mm Negative Result: test bump smaller than 5mm |
| What is TB | - Inflammation and lesions (granulomas) of the lung tissue and damage due to own immune response - slow growth rate |
| Signs of TB | - signs - cough, chest pains, weakness, malaise |
| Forms of TB | latent (not contagious) and active (infectious) |
| Influenza types | A, B & C |
| Most common influenza winter viruses | A & B |
| Influenza prevention | Prevention by vaccine (mixture of two or more prevalent or fatal A & B strains) - recommended for children, elderly, and healthcare professionals |
| Common Cold (URI) | acute inflammation that affects the mucous membrane of the URI - Rhinovirus (rhinitis) 50% of the colds, 100+ serotypes, Transmission by respiratory droplets - 200 different viruses can cause the common cold |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear, common in URI S. pneumoniae or H. influenza AKA swimmers ear |
| What does otitis media cause | Causes pain in the ear and loss of hearing: irritability, fussiness, and difficulty sleeping and eating (mixed biofilms common) |
| Otitis media vaccine | 2012 Prevnar vaccine with 13 strains of capsulated bacteria and H. influenzae vaccine |
| Respiratory | hairs, mucus, cilia, IgA, lymphoid tissue, alveolar macrophages |
| HIV/AIDS | the virus that causes AIDS, spread through bodily fluids rather than casual contact or airborne |
| HIV/AIDS result of high mutation rates | results in combination therapy of RT inhibitors, integrase inhibitor, and "booster" drugs |
| How is HIV spread | Zoonotic primate disease spread through direct contact (sex, needles, and trauma) |
| How does HIV work | Depletes helper T cells in the blood (leukopenia): prone to secondary infections |
| Malaria caused by | Plasmodium species |
| What is the vector of malaria | mosquito |
| Malaria treatment | chloroquine, insecticides or mosquito nets |
| Malaria symptoms | alternate between bout of fever and chills due to RBC rupture every 48-72 hours |
| Changas disease | Trypanosoma cruzi |
| Changas disease acute vs chronic symptoms | - Acute: fever, nausea, and fatigue vs. Chronic: inflammation, eyelid swelling, and organ disruption |
| Vector of Changas disease | kissing bug as vector |
| How does Changas disease work | - Can neutralize lysosome's enzymes and pH and cover itself with host proteins (autoimmunity) |
| Lyme Disease | Borrelia burgdorferibull's eye rash, neurologic symptoms, red rash, and swelling treatment: doxycycline, amox, or cefuroxime symptoms: |
| Vector as lyme disease | tick as vector |
| Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis occurs in humans when they come in contact with infected sick animals, contaminated products, or exposed to spores |
| Treatment for Anthrax | Combined therapy treatment: PCN + doxycycline + ciproflaxin |
| What is anthrax | Gram (+) endospore former and soil bacteria |
| Anthrax: Tripartite toxin (A-B toxin): edema factor | (A) + protective antigen (A: massive inflammation and shock) (B) + lethal factor |
| septicemia | systemic bacterial blood infection (20-50% mortality rate) |
| The cardiovascular system is -well protected from invasion to | septicemia |
| African Sleeping Sickness | Trypanosoma brucei |
| Vector of African Sleeping Sickness | tsetse fly |
| Signs/symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness | - Causes uncontrollable sleepiness during day and sleeplessness at night - Includes tremors, fait, seizures, and local paralysis |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani |
| Tetanus treatment | tetanus immune globulin (TIG) for immediate treatment, no cure. |
| Tetanus signs/symptoms | - Lockjaw: sardonic, eerie smile - muscle paralysis (neurotoxin BLOCKS muscle contraction) - differs from botulism in that muscles CANNOT contract with botulism |
| Rabies | an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal |
| Rabies characteristics | - Slow, progressive zoonotic disease that causes fatal encephalitis - Virulence due to enveloped glycoprotein that allows for attachment to glial cells |
| Rabies vaccination | contains protein from rabies virus envelope - Full course of vaccination after being bitten is required for 2 weeks |
| Meninigitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
| Meningitis caused by | Cryptococcus neoformans, H. influenza, S. pneumoniae, herpesvirus |
| Meninigitis sign/symptom | - Photophobia, headache, painful or stiff neck, fever, and high numbers of WBCs in the CSF - Petechiae: red or purple lesions on trunk and appendages |
| Meningitis treatment | Conjugated MCV4 vaccine |
| The blood brain barrier of the nervous system | physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the central nervous system that establishes a privileged blood supply, restricting the flow of substances into the CNS -part of the Nervous System |
| River blindness | helminth infection Infection by Onchocerca volvus, a nematode or roundworm, is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies |
| River blindness symptoms | Cause inflammation to the optic nerve and retina |
| River blindness vector | Black fly vector: (Transmitted by black flies: fly in packs and cause several hundred bites per day) |
| River blindness worms | Microfilariae (immature worms) migrate via bloodstream to the eye, and mature adult worms can last 15 years in skin nodules |
| Pinkeye | conjunctivitis |
| Bacterial and Viral of conjuctivitis | Bacterial infection (S. aureus & S. pneumoniae): milky discharge Viral conjunctivitis (adenovirus and herpesvirus): clear discharge |
| Neonatal eye infections | Serious conjunctivitis caused by: - Neisseria gonorrheae - Chlamydia trachomatis - Herpes after vaginal birth Large amounts of pus form in the eyes |
| conjuctivitis treatment | ciprofloxacin eye drops - bacterial |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus a mutated strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic, methicillin |
| MRSA Treatment | Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline involves multiple antibiotics, hospital acquired, |
| MRSA Pathways | septicemia, surgical infections, pneumonia, biofilms, coagulase. |
| At risk for MRSA | -weakened immune system -confinement in hospital or other healthcare institutions -live in close quarters -skin contact with infected body part of another person. secondary skin contact from something used by someone with infection |
| Acne is caused by and includes | Propionibacterium acnes pore clogging and over production of sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands) (male hormones) |
| Acne is treated with | topical treatments that enhance sloughing off of dead skin cells OR antibiotics i.e. tetracycline and erythromycin |
| cardiovascular system | well protected from invaders to avoid septicemia |
| Chicken pox caused by and treatment | Human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3) /varicella-zoster virus (VZV) treatment with Acyclovir spread by respiratory droplets and direct contact with lesions |
| Chlamydia and what is it caused by | Chlamydia trachomatis most common bacterial infection in the US (3x more women than men) -largely asymptomatic -favor cervical tissues -mimics gonorrhea -lymph nodes near lesion are filled w/ granulomas -grows intracellularly: evades immune resp |
| Cholera | an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water |
| Cholera causative agent and vaccine | Vibrio cholerae Vaxchora -only offer short-term immunity |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) | a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that occurs sporadically in humans "Mad Cow Disease" |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) transmission | direct or indirect contact with infected brain tissue |
| Diphtheria | an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract -Symptoms -membranous pharyngitis -difficulty in swallowing -swelling of lymph glands |
| Diptheria causative and vaccine | Corynebacterium diphtheriae (gram positive rod) -endotoxins produced when the bacteria are lysogenized by a phage (lysogenic conversion) Vaccine: Acellular DTaP |
| Gas gangrene and caused by | Caused by: Clostridium perfringens Toxins: RBC disruption, edema and tissue destruction Symptoms: pain, edema, and bloody exudate myonecrosis-spread within blackened necrotic muscle tissue |
| Flat warts | smooth, skin colored lesions that develop on the face, trunk, elbows, and knees -HPV-3,10,28,&49 |
| Gonorrhea | A bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes -increase in fluid discharge and scar tissue that leads to infertility |
| Gonorrhea caused by, transmission, and treatment | Caused by: Neisseria gonorrhoeae -fimbriae for attachment to nonciliated cells and IgA protease Transmission: sexual contact in a genital or extragenital Treatment: Ceftriaxone and antibiotics |
| Hemorrhagic fever diseases | zoonotic enveloped RNA viruses -virulence stimulated by disruption of clotting factors |
| Hemorrhagic fever diseases transmission | by vectors or direct contact with bodily fluids |
| Impetigo | bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture (superficial bacteria infection that causes skin peeling, flaking, and itching) |
| Impetigo caused by and treatment | both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pyogenes is the initial inf/S. aureus is the secondary infection treated with mupirocin -exfoliative toxins A&B: breaks up epithelial cell-to-cell binding -highly contagious and transmittable |
| Infectious Mononucleosis (MONO) | "Kissing disease" characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes, (lymphadenopathy) leukocytosis and fatigue -latency and spliceosomes increase its virulence: found in 90% of worlds population |
| Measles caused by, transmission and vaccine | caused by: ssRNA virus from the Morbillivirus genus transmission: respiratory droplets- most contagious vaccine: MMR |
| Warts caused by and treatment | HPV (human papilloma virus) -malignant and genital can cause cancer Treatment: Salicylic acid and surgery |
| Pertussis | airborne bacterial infection that affects children younger than 6 years. -Catarrhal stage: int runny nose + cold stage that lasts 1-2 weeks -Paroxsymal stage: severe + uncontrollable dry cough w/ spasms -high incidence due to lack of vaccinations |
| Pertussis caused by and vaccine | caused by Bordetella pertussis vaccine: DTAP |
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | Severe inflammation of the lungs: primary cause of death in pre-antibiotic era |
| Pneumococcal pneumonia caused by and treatment | caused by: Streptococcus pneumoniae -pathogenic strains have polysaccharide capsule to evade immune system treatment:penicillin (PCN) Pneumovax vaccine younger than 5 |
| Poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis -infiltrates motor neurons of anterior horn of spinal cord -Humans are the only known reservoir |
| Poliomyelitus caused by and vaccine | caused by - Three types of polioviruses named 1,2 and 3 - Non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses - Members of enterovirus subgroup of picornavirus family vaccine: Polio vaccine |
| Ringworm (Cutaneous Mycoses) | Dermatophytes: Mycoses strictly confined to nonliving epidermal tissues and their derivatives Tinea: derives from the erroneous belief that these infections were caused by worms -invades and digests keratin (superficial infection) |
| Ringworm caused by and treatment | caused by: Fungi: dermatophytes -Trichophyton -Microsporum -Epidermophyton treatment: topical anti-fungal drugs like miconazole |
| Rotavirus and what its caused by | The most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis. Primary viral cause of morbidity+ mortality 50% of diarrhea fecal-oral route transmission -oral live virus RotaTeq caused by: dsRNA virus w/inner and outer capsid |
| Salmonella and what its caused by | acute diarrhea severe: high fever and septicemia (typhoid fever) mild: vomiting, diarrhea, and mucosal irratiation high infectious dose caused by: Salmonella enterica |
| Schistocoiasis | The liver flukes -chronic liver swelling with eosinophilia -itchiness, fever, chills, diarrhea, and cough that eventually lead to heptomegaly and liver disease |
| Schistocoiasis caused by and treatment | Caused by: Schistosoma Mansoni treatment: Praziquantel |
| Shigella dysenteriae | causes the most severe form of dysentery (bloody diarrhea) -oral and direct contact: crowding and sanitation frequent watery and bloody stools, fever, and intense abd pain -invades the small intestine and not the large intestine |
| Shingles | A reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body symptoms of the virus that innervates dermatomes and ganglia -asymmetrical lesions on skin and trunk, pain, and facial paralysis treated by: Varivax vaccine |
| An effective treatment for a cutaneous mycosis like tinea pedis would be_________ | miconazole |
| What is the antimicrobial enzyme found in sweat, tears, and saliva that can specifically break down peptidoglycan? | Lysozyme |
| What is the most important defense factor for the skin? | Antimicrobial peptides |
| Name the organism(s) most commonly associated with cellulitis | Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes |
| MRSA | is decreasing in hospitals but increasing in the community |
| Warts are caused by | papillomavirus |
| Herpesviruses can cause diseases except ________ | smallpox |
| Dermatophytes are fungi that infect the epidermal tissue by invading and attacking _________ | keratin |
| Poor contact lens hygiene is likely to get you a case of ________ | Acanthamoeba keratitis |
| The enzyme catalase is associated with pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. T/F | False |
| Fifth disease can be treated with acyclovir and prevented by immunization. T/F | False |
| Measles can be eradicated because humans are the only reservoir. T/F | True |
| The blistering and peeling of the skin in scalded skin syndrome are due to the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to produce catalase. T/F | False |
| The normal skin biota is similar among different people. T/F | False |
| What organism does not cause meningitis | Clostridium tetani |
| What are not choices for antibiotic for viral meningitis is _______ | Ceftriaxone ampicillin penicillin |
| Meningococcal miningitis is caused by ________ | Neisseria meningitidis |
| What neurological disease is not caused by a prion? | West Nile encephalitis |
| Cryptococcus neoformans is primarily transmitted by | bird droppings |
| What is caused by an arbovirus? | eastern equine encephalitis |
| CJD is caused by a | prion |
| What food should you avid feeding a child under 1 year old because of potential botulism? | honey |
| Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired via | swimming in ponds and streams |
| Which organism is responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? | JC virus |
| Toxoplasma gondii is a bacterium. T/F | False |
| Penicillin G is the first line of treatment for coccidioidomycosis T/F | False |
| A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis can be made by analyzing cerebral spinal fluid. T/F | True |
| In the U.S., dogs are a common reservoir for rabies. T/F | False |
| The protein PrP is beneficial before it is transformed into an abnormal protein. T/F | True |
| When bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream , this is _______ | septicemia |
| What disease is caused by a retrovirus? | HIV |
| The plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, is transmitted mainly by | fleas |
| Rabbit fever is caused by | Francisella tularensis |
| A distinctive bull eyes rash may result from a tick bite transmitting | Lyme disease |
| Cat scratch disease is caused by | Bartonella henselae |
| The bite of the tick Ixodes scapularis can cause | Ehrlichioses Lyme Disease |
| Cat scratch disease is effectively treated with | azithromycin |
| Wool sorter's disease is caused by | Bacillus anthracis |
| What is not a hemorrhagic fever? | trench fever |
| Brucellosis can be transmitted to humans by drinking contaminated milk. T/F | True |
| Respiratory tract infection with Bartonella henslae is considered an AIDS defining condition. T/F | False |
| Lyme disease is caused by Rickettsia ricketsii. T/F | False |
| Babesiosis is caused by a protozoan transmitted by flease. T/F | False |
| HIV in the U.S. is mainly transmitted via male homosexual sex. T/F | True |
| The two most common groups of viruses associated with the common cold are | Rhinoviruses Coronaviruses |
| What conditions is associate with Streptococcus pyogenes | Pharyngitis scarlet fever rheumatic fever |
| What is not a characteristic of STreptococcus pyogenes | alpha-hemolytic |
| The common stain used to identify Mycobacterium species is | acid fast stain |
| What is a technique that can be used to diagnose TB | Tuberculin skin testing IGRA a PCR test |
| The DTaP vaccine does not provides protection against what disease | pneumonia |
| What infections often has polymicrobial cause | otitis media hospital acquired pneumonia sinusitis |
| What organism causes the vast majority of pneumonias that occur in AIDS patients | Pneumocytstis jiroveci |
| The beta hemolysis of blood agar observed with Streptococcus pyogenes is due to the presence of | streptolysin |
| An estimated _______ of the world population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis | 1/3 |
| Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent for whopping cough. T/F | True |
| Mycoplasma pneumonia causes atypical pneumonia and can be diagnosed by serology. T/F | True |
| BCG vaccine is used in other countries to prevent Legionnaires disease. T/F | False |
| Respiratory syncytial virus is a respiratory infection associated with elderly people. T/F | False |
| The flu shot can cause the flu in immunocompromised people. T/F | False |
| Food moves down the GI tract through the action of | peristalsis |
| The microorganism most associated with acute necrotizing ulcerative periodonitits is | Treponema vincentii prevotella intermedia Helicobacter pylori |
| Gastric ulcers are caused by | Helicobacter pylori |
| Virus family Paramyxoviridae contains viruses that causes | measles and mumps |
| What bacteria is considered the most common cause of diarrhea in the U.S. | Campylobacter |
| What microorganism is associated with Guillain Barre syndrome | Campylobacter |
| This microorganism is commonly associated with fried rice and produces an emetic toxin | Bacillus cereus |
| This endospore former contaminates meats as well as vegetables and is causative agent for gas gangrene | Clostridium perfringens |
| The hepatitis virus is an enveloped DNA virus | Hep B |
| what helminth life cycle is a grazing animal involved | lifecycle C |
| Mumps is a disease that affects humans and several other species. T/F | False |
| Giardia lamblia is a water borne, flagellated protozoan often associated with chronic diarrhea. T/F | True |
| Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by Clostridium difficle. T/F | True |
| Poor oral health has been associated with heart disease. T/F | True |
| Enterobius vermucularis, commonly known as the pinworm, is a common cause of anal itching in young children in the U.S. T/F | True |
| Cystitis is an infection of the | bladder |
| A form of vaginitis is caused by | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Leptospirosis transmission to human is | by contaminated soil or water |
| Syphilis is caused by | Treponema pallidum |
| Yeast infections are caused by | Candida albicans |
| This dimorphic fungus is a common cause of vaginitis | Candida albicans |
| Approx ________ % of adult Americans have genital herpes | 25% |
| Genital herpes transmission can be reduced or prevented except by | the contraceptive pill |
| The drug Flagyl can be used to treat the protozoan infection | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Genital herpes can be treated with acyclovir. T/F | True |
| Chancroid is caused by a fungus. T/F | False |
| The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus. T/F | True |
| Chlamydia infection is the most common STI in the U.S. T/F | False |
| Group B Streptococcus infection is generally silent in adult females. T/F | True |
Created by:
vtlove116