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NRTC Med/Surg Ch. 20
Upper Respiratory Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes *Most commonly from rhinovirus "common cold" | Rhinitis |
| Inflammation of the sinuses | Sinusitis |
| Most common sinus site for Sinusitis | Maxillary Sinus |
| expectorant used for sinusitis | guaifenesin (Mucinex) |
| inflammation of throat caused by viruses/bacteria | Pharyngitis |
| most serious form of pharyngitis. Symptoms: sore throat, dysphagia, fever, chills, HA, malaise, white patches on tonsils, swollen glands. | Group A streptococci: Strep throat |
| antibiotic treatment for Strep throat is | penicillin |
| how long does a C&S take to get results? | 3 days |
| a significant number of pts are allergic to penicillin (remember to ask about allergies!). what antibiotic could be an alternative | Azithromycin (z-pack) |
| important instruction to give to all pts taking antibiotics | Complete entire prescription of antibiotics |
| chronic tonsillar infection may lead to | partial upper airway obstruction |
| chronic adenoidal infection may lead to | otitis media |
| listed items of pt edu after tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy | report signs of bleeding (24-48 hrs) gargle c warm saline liquid/very soft diet (avoid spicy, textured, citrus, milky foods) |
| inflammation/swelling of mucous membranes that line larynx | Laryngitis |
| complete loss of voice | aphonia |
| persistent hoarseness (2 weeks) could be a sign of | laryngeal cancer |
| nosebleed from rupture of tiny capillaries in nasal mucous membrane | Epistaxis |
| Medical management for epistaxis | Direct continuous pressure(5-10 mins), ice pack, nasal packing, and topical vasoconstrictors |
| Your 17 year old pt has severe epistaxis due to blunt trauma to the nasal cavity during a soccer game. List two vasoconstrictors that the doctor may prescribe for this pt. | Phenylephrine and norepinephrine |
| who can remove nasal packing and balloon inflated catheter | the doctor |
| deviated septum, nasal polyps, and hypertrophied turbinates are | Nasal obstructions |
| How do you test for cerebral spinal fluid after a nose fracture? | CSF - Dextrostix |
| What substance is a Dextrostix testing for? | Glucose |
| Causes for laryngeal trauma/obstruction | motor vehicle accidents, blunt trauma, allergic reaction, and CHOKING! |
| Laryngeal obstruction is a | medical emergency |
| what maneuver do you use when someone is choking on food? | Abdominal thrust (formally Heimlich) |
| recurrent/frequent episodes of upper airway obstruction and reduced ventilation; cessation of breathing for at least 10 secs. | Sleep Apnea |
| what is the difference between obstructive and central sleep apnea? | obstructive: usually caused by tongue over airway central: brain fails to signal lungs to breathe |
| regurgitation of swallowed air and formation of words | Esophageal speech |
| throat vibrator held against neck, projects sound into mouth | Artificial (electric) larynx |
| surgical insertion of prosthesic larynx | Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) |
| provides constant airway pressure during inspiration and expiration | CPAP |
| two levels of pressure - inspiratory and expiratory airway pressures | Bipap |
| surgical procedure making an opening into trachea | tracheotomy |
| surgical opening into trachea which a tracheostomy/laryngectomy tube is inserted | Tracheostomy |
| what is used to put an outer cannula into a tracheostomy | obturator |
| what should always be kept at a beside after a tracheostomy? | Suctioning and tracheal dilator |
| pulling/suction force, on external chest | negative pressure (iron lung) |
| pushing air into lungs; requires intubation (endotracheal tube) most common type of air pressure for intubation | positive pressure |
| what types of patients receive endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation | pt c resp difficulties, comatose pts, pts under general anesthesia |
| how often should you auscultate lung sounds on a pt c endotracheal intubation/ mechanical ventilation | q 30 - 60 minutes |
| accidental removal of endotracheal tube may cause | laryngospasm |
Created by:
LBerkey
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