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Anatomy & P chp 3
Cellular level of organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the cell theory? | all living things are made up of cells |
| robert hooke | coined term cell by cork |
| Dujardin | cytoplasm |
| Robert brown | nucleus |
| what do robert brown, dujardin, and robert hooke have in common | they believed cells are the structual units and function units |
| virchow | cells came from pre-existing cells |
| schleden | plants - all living things are made up of cells |
| schwann | animals- all living things are made up of cells |
| cytology | study & function of cells |
| Cell biology | incorperates aspects of biology, chemistry, and physics |
| two most common methods used to study cells | electron microscopy and Light microscopy |
| two classes of cells | symatic & sex |
| what are the two fluids in symatic cells | extracellular fluid, and interstitual fluid |
| where do you find extracellular fluid | around the cell, watery medium |
| where do you find interstitual fulid | found in most tissues |
| what is in the cytoplasm | cytosol and organells |
| another name for the cell membrane | plasmalemma membrane |
| what is the cell membranes functions | physical isolation, regulates what goes in & out, sensitivity, and structure & support |
| what is the membrane structure like | thin & delicate, has lipids, protiens, and carbohydrates and has phosopholipids that are the largest part of the membrane |
| what makes the membrane lipid flexable | cholestrol |
| what is in the membrane lipid | phosopholipid bilayer, hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails |
| where is the hydrophilic head | on the surface |
| where is the hydrophobic tail | on the inside, repels water |
| Anchoring protein | attach to cell membranes to one another or to internal or external structures |
| Recognition proteins | Identify cell & prevent attack by immune system |
| Enzymes | catalyze interacellular or extracellular reactions |
| Recepter Protins | Binds to specific ligands in extracellular fluid |
| Carrier proteins | more solute across membrane; may or may not require atp |
| leak channel | permit continus passive movement of water & ions |
| Gated channels | can open or close to regulate ion movement |
| What are the three types of Memberane Carbohydrates | -Proteoglycan -Glycoproteins -Glycolipids |
| Membrane Permiablility | Passive or Active |
| Passive | no use of energy |
| Active | Use energy |
| 4 major categories of transport | 1-Diffusion 2-filtration 3-Carrier Mediated 4-Vesicullar |
| Diffusion | area of high con. to low con. |
| Things that can effect diffusion | -Distance -Size of Gradient -Molecular size -tempature -electrical forces |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water across cell membrane - Passive |
| Osmolarity | total solute conc. in an aqueous solution |
| Types of solutions | Isosmotic, hyperosmotic, and hyposotic |
| Isosmotic | equal concentration, salt=water, no change |
| Hyperosmotic | higher solute, salt > water, swells |
| hyposmotic | lower solute, salt < water, shrinks (crention) |
| Co transport | 2 substances in same direction at same time (sympoet) |
| Counter transport | 1 substance in & one out (antiport) |
| what are the two major types of carrier transport | facilitated diffusion and active transport |
| Facilited diffusion | mcl binds to receptor site |
| active transport | ion pumps, sodium potassim exchange pump (NA in K out) |
| Vescular transport | use of vessicles |
| bulk transport | 3 types, receptor meditated, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis |
| endosytosis | into cell |
| Pinocytosis | cell drinking (liquid) |
| Phagocytosis | Cell eating (solid) |
| Ecosytosis | discharge of materials out of a cell by vesicle binding to membrane |
| Transmembrane potential | potential difference across a membrane |
| Inside slightly - | move out + |
| outside slightly + | move in - |
| Resting potential | Transmembrane potential in an undisterbed cell, between -10mv and -100mv |
| contains high K ions, low Na ions | (ion pump) Cytosol |
| Cytosol things | suspended proteins, small amount of CHO's & large amounts of amino acids & lipids, Inclusion |
| Inclusion | wont disolve, no one knows what it does but if removed, cell will die |
| Two categories of organelles | Nonmembranous, membranous |
| what is the genetic code | method of info storage in dna strands of nuclus |
| Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil | RNA |
| Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine | DNA |
| Protein synthesis | Transcription and translation |
| transcription | occurs in nucleous, RNA from DNA |
| Translation | occurs in cytoplasm in Ribosome, proteins from mRNA On rough ER |
| Cytoskeleton | Ctructure to cell, Nonmembrane |
| Microvilli | increases surface area, non membrane |
| Centriloes | cell division, non membrane |
| Cilla | Movement, non membrane |
| Flagella | Movement, whip like, Non membrane |
| Ribosome | protein synthesis, non membrane |
| Mitochondria | membrane |
| endoplasmic reticulum | membrane |
| golgi apparatus | membrane |
| lysosomes | membrane |
| peroxisomes | membrane |
| nucleus | membrane |
| 2 parts of cell division | mitosis and meiosis |
| mitosis | 2 cells identical, 1 cell division |
| meiosis | production of sex cells, 4 cells, different, 2 cell division |
Created by:
fffirecracker37
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