Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Lab 24&25 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Akinete | An enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by filamentous, hetero-cyst forming cyanobacteria under the order Nostocales and Stigonematales; resistant to cold and desiccation |
| Autotroph | An organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds |
| Bacillus (pl. bacilli) | A rod shaped bacterium |
| Binary Fission | Asexual reproduction by division of one cell or body into two equal or nearly equal parts |
| Cell Wall | The rigid, outermost layer of the cells of plants, some protists, and most bacteria; the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane |
| Chlorophyll a | Light-absorbing pigment in photosynthesis; Absorbs light in the violet-blue and the red ranges of the visible light spectrum |
| Coccus (pl. cocci) | Any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium |
| Colony | Several individual organisms of the same species living together in close association; a cluster of identical cells on the surface of a solid medium, usually derived from a single parent cell |
| Decomposer | Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms and release carbon and nitrogen back into the soil, air, or water. |
| Domain Archae | Single-celled prokaryotes composed of branched hydrocarbon chains; some are extremophiles |
| Domain Bacteria | Prokaryotic cells composed of membranes of unbranched fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ester linkages; cell walls contain peptidoglycan |
| Gram-negative | Do not retain the crystal-violet stain; contain a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides. Appear pink or red |
| Gram-positive | Appear dark blue or violet due to the amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall |
| Gram stain | Staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-negative or gram-positive based on retention of a violet dye. Differences in staining are due to cell wall construction. |
| Heterocyst | A large, transparent, thick-walled cell found in the filaments of certain blue-green algae and in certain fungi; the site of nitrogen fixation |
| Heterotroph | An organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules. |
| Hormogonium (pl. hormogonia) | Motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria during asexual reproduction |
| Necridium (pl. necridia) | A weaker cell in a filament where detachment occurs |
| Nitrogen Fixation | The chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle |
| Nucleoid Region | The area of a prokaryotic cell, usually near the center, that contains the genome in the form of DNA compacted with protein |
| Peptidoglycan | A component of the cell wall of bacteria, consisting of carbohydrate polymers linked by protein cross-bridges |
| Phycocyanin | Any of a group of blue photosynthetic pigments present in cyanobacteria; accessory pigment to chlorophyll |
| Phycoerythrin | Any of a group of red photosynthetic pigments present in red algae and some cyanobacteria; accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments |
| Root nodule | Organs induced on most species of legume plants by symbiotic, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
| Sensitivity plate | Determines the susceptibility of bacteria to an antibiotic |
| Sheath | A protective covering ; a secreted tubular structure formed around a bundle of filaments |
| Spirillum (pl. spirilla) | A bacterium with a rigid spiral structure |
| Trichome | A hairlike growth from an epidermal cell; glandular trichomes secrete oils that deter insects |
| Zone of inhibition | The clear region around the paper disc saturated with an antimicrobial agent on the agar surface; indication of the effective inhibition |
| Antheridium | A sperm-producing organ |
| Blade | The broad, expanded part of a leaf |
| Carpospore | A diploid spore produced by red algae |
| Cell (plasma) membrane | The semipermeable phospholipid bilayer membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Chloroplast | A cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis |
| Conceptacle | Site of sperm and egg production in algae |
| Conjugation tube | A slender tube in certain bacteria and algae that connects two individuals during conjugation and through which the transfer of genetic materials occur |
| Contractile vacuole | In protists and some animals, a clear fluid-filled vacuole that takes up water from within the cell and then contracts, releasing it to the outside through a pore in a cyclical manner; functions primarily in osmoregulation and excretion |
| Cystocarp | The fruiting structure produced in the red algae after fertilization; consists of filaments bearing carpospores |
| Daughter colony | A smaller, secondary colony growing on the surface of an older colony; may have characteristics different from those of the mother colony |
| Flagellum | A long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface of a cell and used in locomotion |
| Float (bladder) | Gas filled sacs that allow algae to float on the water surface, maximizing exposure to sunlight |
| Frustule | The silicified cell wall of a diatom, consisting of two valves or overlapping halves |
| Holdfast | An organ or structure of attachment that anchors aquatic organisms to the substrate; similar to the root of a land plant |
| Nucleus | The membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA |
| Oogonium | The female sex organ of certain algae; typically a rounded cell or sac containing one or more oospheres |
| Paramylon granule | A membrane-bound crystal similar to starch stored in Euglena |
| Parent colony | Several individual organisms of the same species living together in close association |
| Pellicle | A tough, flexible covering in ciliates and euglenoids |
| Photoreceptor | A light-sensitive sensory cell |
| Raphe | A longitudinal ridge on diatoms or seeds |
| Receptacle | The tissues near the end of reproductive stems that encase the reproductive organs |
| Reservoir | A cavity or part that holds some fluid or secretion |
| Spermatangium | The male gamete-producing reproductive organ in certain algae |
| Stigma | Light-sensitive eyespot of some algae |
| Stipe | A stalk or stem of seaweed |
| Tetraspore | A spore occurring in groups of four in red alga; two of which produce male plants and two female |
| Transverse groove | Groove-like structure around the equator of an organism that may possess a flagellum |
| Vegetative cell | A cell of bacterium or unicellular alga that is actively growing rather than forming spores |
| Zygospore | The thick-walled diploid resting cell of certain fungi and algae, arising from the fusion of two similar gametes |
| Zygote | The diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (fertilization) |
Created by:
allisonepp
Popular Biology sets