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Biology
Chapter 7- organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ribosomes | produce proteins by following coded instructions from nucleus |
| Nuclear Membrane (envelope) | has pores which allows materials to enter/leave nuclues; surrounds nucleus |
| Chromatin | granular material in the nucleus. consists of DNA bound to protein |
| Chromosomes | when a cell divides, chromatin condenses to chromosomes. distinct, threadlike structures that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region. where the assembly of ribosomes begins. |
| organelle | structures in a cell that act as specialized organs |
| cytoplasm | the portion of the cell outside the nucleus; where the organelles are located. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assemble, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. |
| Rough ER | portion of ER that is involved in the synthesis of proteins; ribosomes are found on surface; newly made proteins leave these ribosomes and are inserted into the rough ER, where they are chemically modified |
| Smooth ER | ribosomes not found on surface; contains collection of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs. |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. |
| Lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes; one function is to break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in the breaking down of organelles that are no longer useful. |
| vacuoles | store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| Mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; contains own DNA |
| Chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis; contains own DNA |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. Also involved in movement. |
| Microfilament | protein filament that helps make up the cytoskeleton; threadlike structures made of protein called actin; form extensive networks in some cells and produce a tough, flexible framework that supports the cell; also helps cell move. |
| microtubules | hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins' critical role in maintaing cell shape; important in cell division |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; selectively permeable |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the membrane; protects and supports cells. |
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forever09
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