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Dr Jones CAB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Central Dogma | Dna to RNA by transcription and RNA to protein by Translation |
| How do RNA viruses differ from the central dogma | They Use reverse transcriptase to go from RNA to DNA back to RNA again |
| What are the components of DNA structure | Phosphate group, pentose sugar and a Nitrogenous Base |
| Which bases are Purines ? | Adenine amd Guanine |
| Which bases are Pyrimadines | Thymine (Uracil) and Cytosil |
| Which bond links The backbone of DNA ? | Phosphodiester Bond |
| In which direction are base sequences expressed | 5' to 3' |
| Which structures are Directional Molecules | Ones at the end of the chain and have a free PO4 or OH Group |
| What is Chargaffs rule? | A+G = C+T |
| Which bonds link nitrogenous bases ? | Hydrogen bonds |
| How do DNA strands run in relation to each other? | Antiparralel |
| How many Bases pairs are present roughly in the human genome | 140m bp |
| What is the Width and Helical turn of The DNA structure | 2nm and 3.4nm |
| What occurs due to mutations in somatic cells? | Cancers |
| What occurs due to mutation in gametes ? | Inherited disorders |
| How is DNA Replication in prokaryotes described ? | Semi-Discontinous |
| Which structures unwind DNA and Cause it from supercoiling ? | Helicase and Gyrase |
| Which Structure Creates the RNA Primer? | Primase |
| In which direction does replication occur on the Leading strand ? | 5' to 3' towards the replication for (Continuous) ` |
| In which direction does DNA replication occur on the lagging strand. | 3' to 5' away from the replication fork, in sections called okazaki fragments (discontinuous ) |
| What is the function of DNA Poly-I | Removes RNA primer and fills the gap with DNA |
| Which structure binds Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand ? | DNA Ligase |
| How is the Origin identified in Eukaryotic replication ? | By a Viral protein tag , which unwinds and unzips the DNA |
| What is the function of RP-A | the ssbp's bind and recruit ; DNA Polymerase α and Primase. |
| How does replication differ in long chains of DNA | Processivity Complex is recruited |
| What is the Function of RP-C ? | Binds at the 3' end and recruits PCNA a "Sliding clamp" similar to DNA-Poly-III |
| What is the function of DNA Polymerase δ and ε ? | Binds and replicates DNA |
| What are the Three types of RNA? | rRNA, mRNA and tRNA |
| What is the function of rRNA | Component of Ribosomes. |
| What is the Funtion of mRNA ? | Carries info from DNA to the ribosome to direct protein synthesis, used to determine amino acid sequence |
| What is the function of tRNA | Transfers mRNA to the ribosome, ensures correct positioning in elongating polypeptide. |
| How many sites are present on tRNA? | 2 ; Site for attatchment of amino acids and the site for interaction with mRNA during translation |
| How many tRNA's are there for each amino acid | 1 or more |
| What is the name and example of a tRNA for only one Amino acid? | Cognate tRNA, e.g. tRNAser |
| What is the name of a tRNA for several amino acids ? | Isoacceptors |
| How many tRNAs are present in a cell ? | ~50 |
| Which sequence terminates a tRNA strand ? | CCA at the 3' end |
| How many Types of RNA polymerase are present in bacteria ? | 1 Type |
| How many Types of RNA Polymerase are present in Eukaryotes ? | 3, DNA Polymerase I, II, III |
| What is the function of RNA Polymerase I | Synthesises rRNA in the nucleus |
| What is the function of RNA polymerase II | Synthesises mRNA |
| What is the Function of RNA Polymerase III | Synthesises tRNA |
| Where does RNA polymerase bind ? | to the Promoter Site on the Template strand |
| What does RNA polymerase use instead of a primer ? | ATP/GTP |
| In which direction does RNA Polymerase synthesise? | 5' to 3' |
| What are the Bacterial Promoter regions ? | TTGACA and TATAAT |
| What are the Eukaryotic promoter regions ? | TATAA (Tata box) |
| What are the Three stages to Transcription ? | Initiation, Elongation, Termination |
| What occurs during Initiation ? | RNA polymerase and protein factors bind to form Transcription complex |
| What occurs during Elongation ? | Transcription Bubble forms, RNA Polymerase unwinds and unzips DNA, Base pairing causes elongation, DNA Rewinds and exits transcription bubble |
| What occurs during Termination ? | Genes have stop sequence which halt transcription |
| Which PTsM occur? | Addition of Poly-A Tail and 5' Cap and the Splicing of Introns |
| How is the Mature RNA transcript formed ? | Introns are Removed and the Exons are Spliced together from the Primary RNA Transcript |
Created by:
davidm90143
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