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HAP2_L6B
Stressor Response
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anger, fear, anxiety, and excitement | emotional stress |
| trauma, fever, haemorrhage, surgery, and malnutrition | physical stress |
| stress response is initiated by the | hypothalamus |
| short term stress | The Alarm Reaction |
| long term stress | The stage of resistance |
| The body needs the ability to suddenly mobilise resources (Glucose), particularly to the heart and skeletal muscles, to allow for “fight or flight | Purpose of GAS |
| Hypothalamus projects descending axons to autonomic nuclei in the medulla oblongata that influence | HR, BP, digestive activities and respiration |
| Hypothalamus projects descending axons to | autonomic nuclei |
| autonomic nuclei are in the | medulla oblongata |
| Interneuron in the spinal cord stimulates the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres to stimulate | Adrenal medulla |
| Adrenal medulla releases | 80% epinephrine and 20% nor-epinephrine |
| more potent stimulator of metabolic activities (rise in glucose), bronchial dilation, and increased blood flow to skeletal muscles and the heart. | Epinephrine |
| has a greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure | Norepinephrine |
| The action potential travels from the limbic system to the | hypothalamus |
| new action potential is generated by the hypothalamus and sent via | descending sympathetic fibre |
| Alarm reaction (short term stress response) causes increase in: | HR, BP, RR, metabolic rate, sweating, bronchiole and pupil dilation, glucose release to blood |
| Alarm reaction (short term stress response) causes decrease in: | digestive system activity, urine output |
| During the stage of Resistance or long term stress response Hypothalamus releases | Corticotropin releasing hormone( CRH) |
| CRH acts on | anterior pituatary gland |
| Anterior pituatary gland releases | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| ACTH acts on | adrenal cortex |
| adrenal cortex releases | cortisol |
| cortisol blood levels rise, inhibiting | CRH and ACTH |
| during cortisol release negative feedback, the hypothalmus releases CRH into | hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system |
| cortisol is carried by what through systemic circulation | proteins like Albumin |
| gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism in all tissues bar hepatocytes and inhibits lipogenesis in fat tissue | cortisol effects |
| stimulates the liver to break down fats, encourages glycogen breakdown, acts as glucose sparing hormone | growth hormone |
| stimulates metabolism and increase in glucose blood levels | thyroid hormones |
| Na & H2O retention, dcrs in cap perm. formation of prostaglandins/leukotrines, stab. lysosomal membr. inhibits phagocytosis & suppresses T-Lymphocytes, inhibits connective tissue repair | long term cortisol effects |
| nervous tic, fatigue, depression, anxiety, overreating, insomnia, HTN, CAD, IBS, sexual dysfunction, hair loss, autoimmune disease, tension headach | State of exhaustion |
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