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Vocabulary List #3
organells funtion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cytology | the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells |
| Organelles | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Plasma Membrane | a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. |
| Cell Wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
| Chloroplasts | in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Mitochondria | ural noun: mitochondria an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| Nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| Nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| Ribosomes | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. |
| Golgi Bodies | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Vacuoles | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| Lysosomes | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| Centrioles | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division |
| Virus(es) | an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. |
| Diffusion (Passive Transport) | the spreading of something more widely. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Active Transport | the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Cells | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane |
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