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Vocabulary #3
Vocabulary words #3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cytology | the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells. |
| Organelles | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Cells | are the basic building blocks of living things. |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Plasma Membrane | a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. |
| Cell Wall | rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| Chloroplasts | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place |
| Mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae) |
| Nucleus | a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. |
| Nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| Ribosomes | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Golgi Bodies | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Vacuoles | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid |
| Lysosomes | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane |
| Centrioles | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| Virus(es) | A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts |
| Diffusion (Passive Transport) | moves across a concentration gradient, or a gradual difference in solute concentration between two areas |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Active Transport | the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. |
| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans. |
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