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3weeks exam (2nd9W)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| G-0 | The cell is at a resting period, its not actively dividing and it only does its normal cell functions. |
| G-1 | The cell is growing and doing normal cell functions |
| S-phase | DNA is replicated |
| Cancer /tumor | Uncontrolled cell growth due to faulty checkpoints |
| Mitosis | Nuclear and genetic material is divided |
| Prophase | Chromosomes become visible |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes align in the middle |
| Anaphase | Chromosomes are pulled apart into opposite poles |
| Telophase | Two new nuclei form |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides and separates the two cells completely. |
| Prokaryote Cell | A simple cell with free floating DNA, ribosomes and a cell membrane. (NO nucleus) |
| Eukaryote Cell | A complex cell with NUCLEUS, membrane bound organelles such as the mitochondria, chloroplast, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Apparatus. |
| Diffusion | The random movement of particles from a HIGH--> LOW concentration of particles. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The diffusion of bigger or charged particles from HIGH-->LOW concentration with the use of a protein helper. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water from a HIGH-->LOW concentration |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| Meiosis | Reduction division that results in four different haploid cells. They have half the amount of genetic material than regular body cells, |
| Mitosis | Cell division of somatic(body) cells . Creates identical cells. |
| Cell Cycle checkpoints | Points in the cell cycle that assess damage in the cell and if they are faulty it can lead to cancer. |
| Enzyme | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions. They function best at their optimal PH or Temperature. |
| Crossing Over | When homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genes in order to create genetic variation. |
| Adenine | Pairs up with Thymine |
| Guanine | Pairs up with Cytosine |
| DNA replication | DNA gets copied by: 1-Breakage of Hydrogen bonds, 2-Nucleotides are attached to their complementary base, 3- Two new semiconservative DNA molecules are made |
| Nitrogen base | Their arrangement determines the traits of an organism. Most important component of DNA. |
| DNA backbone | Made up of Sugar and Phosphate |
Created by:
bireyher
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