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Body systems
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the carina? | Where the bronchi split |
What does the larynx consist of? | Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane |
What is surfactant? | Improves compliance and prevents alveoli collapse |
What is involved in inspection of the respiratory system? | SOB? Speaking normally? Cough/noise? Cyanosis? Rest rate, depth, ryhtmn and strength, odema, trachea position |
What is involved in respiratory palpitation assessment? | Equal? Crepitus? Pain? |
What a involved in respiratory percussion assessment? | Resonant sound is normal Dull sound means solid/fluid |
What is involved in respiratory auscultation assessment? | Listen at apex, 2nd, 4th mid-clavicular, 6th mid-axillar Absent sounds, plural rub, diminished, stridor, wheeze, crackles (fine= peripheral airway, coarse= fluid in lung) |
Respiratory system presenting complains questions you could ask? | Cough, sputum, dysphasia, pain |
Question about coughs? | Acute or chronic? Is it productive? Does anything make it worse/better? Severity? |
Questions about sputum? | Colour? Pink= pulmonary oedema Green= infection Rust= TB |
Questions about pain? | Type? OPQRST |
Past medical history and social history relating to respiratory system | Diseases, COPD, asthma, TB, chronic coughs ?PE, travel Drug history Allergies Smoking/alcohol use Living situation Occupation |
What are the names of the coronary arteries and where do they provide blood? | Right coronary artery, marginal branch & posterior inter-ventricular branch Left coronary artery, circumflex and left anterior descending |
What is stroke volume? | The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle in one contraction |
What is cardiac output? | The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle in one minute (Stroke volume x HR) |
What is pre load? | The amount the ventricle needs to stretch. When venous return is increased the ventricles stretch to increase blood volume and therefore increase preload. |
What is after load? | The pressure the ventricle must generate to push blood into the aorta |
What is contractility? | It affects the rate of ventricle pressure, greater contractility= greater stroke volume and cardiac output |
What is arteriosclerosis? | Thickening and hardening if lumen walls and affects the lumens ability to change size |
What is atherosclerosis? | An inflammatory form of arteriosclerosis |