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Chapter 3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CELL THEORY | one of the first unifying themes developed in biology |
| CYTOPLASM | a jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions; also contains ribosomes- molecules where proteins are assembled |
| ORGANELLE | structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell; most organelles are surrounded by a embrane |
| PROKARYOTIC CELLS | a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles; the cell's DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm; most prokaryotes are microscopic, single celled organisms |
| EUKARYOTIC CELLS | a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; the nucleus, the largest organelle, encloses the genetic information; eukaryotes may be multi or single celled organisms |
| CYTOSKELETON | a flexible network of proteins that provide structural support for the cell; it is made of small protein subunits that form long threads, or fibers, that crisscrosss the entire cell |
| NUCLEUS | the storehouse for most of the genetic information, of DNA, in your cells |
| ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | [ER] the interconnected network of thin, folded membranes, similar to that of cell membranes and nuclear membranes; the ER membranes form a maze of enclosed spaces |
| RIBOSOME | tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins |
| GOLGI APPARATUS | closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins; its membranes contain ensymes that make additional changes to proteins |
| VESICLE | a general name to describe small, membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from place-to-place |
| MITOCHONDRION | [plural: Mitochondria] the powerhouse of the cell; supply energy to the cell; bean-shaped and have 2 membranes |
| VACUOLE | fluid-filled sac used for storage of materials needed by a cell; materials may include water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes |
| LYSOSOME | membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes; defend cell from invading bacteria and viruses |
| CENTRIOLE | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle; the 2 centrioles are positioned perpendicular to each other |
| CELL WALL | rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell; cell walls of multiple cells can adhere to each other to help support an entire organism |
| CHLOROPLAST | organelles that carry out photosynthesis |
| CELL MEMBRANE | forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell |
| PHOSPHOLIPID | a molecule composed of 3 parts: a charged phosphate group, glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains |
| FLUID MOSAIC MODEL | describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY | it allows some, but not all, materials to cross |
| RECEPTOR | a protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response; recognizes and binds to only certain molecules |
| PASSIVE TRANSPORT | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
| DIFFUSION | the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration; results from the natural motion of particles which causes molecules to collide and scatter |
| CONCENTRATION GRADIENT | the difference in concentration of a substance from one region to another |
| OSMOSIS | the movement across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
| ISOTONIC | a solution that has a solute concentration equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| HYPERTONIC | a solution that has a solute concentration higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| HYPOTONIC | a solution that has a solute concentration lower that the solute concentration inside a cell |
| FACILITATED DIFFUSION | the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| ENDOCYTOSIS | the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane |
| PHAGOCYTOSIS | a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles |
| EXOCYTOSIS | the opposite of endocytosis, is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane |
Created by:
CasavantJ22
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