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History part II
Second part of history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proclamation of 1773 | Said that colonists couldn’t settle west of the Appalation Mountains. This angered many colonists because they wanted more land, and they thought the crown was getting in on their biznitch. |
| Stamp act | The stamp act was an internal tax in 1765, that the British enforced on its American colonies to help pay for the recent war against the French. This act required all papers in the colonies to have a stamp affixed to it, showing that the tax had been pai |
| Townshend acts | An external tax issued by the chancellor of the treasury, Charles Townshend. This act put higher taxes on goods such as glass, paper, led, paint, and tea. The tax was paid by the purveyors of the items. The sons of liberty organized a boycott against the |
| Tea Act | Granted British east India Company the right to sell tea to the colonies free of taxes that others had to pay. This actually lowered the price of tea in the colonies, which led to the colonists knowing about Britain taxing the colonies. America responded |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774 – A response to the Boston Tea party, this shut down the Boston Harbor, a major trade hub for the northern colonies, until all of the 15,000 pounds of British tea had been paid for. This also allowed British soldiers to settle in private houses, nam |
| Boston Massacre | March 5, 1770 – Response to the stationing of British troops in Boston. The mob taunted the soldiers that were guarding the British customs house, and all of a sudden, the Troops fire into the crowd, even though their leader was telling them to hold thei |
| Boston Tea Party | 1773 |
| Sons of Liberty | Created in 1765 by Samuel Adams. The sons of liberty were a group of people supporting the freedom of America from Brittan. These guys were die hard patriots. They started protesting the stamp act by boycotting British goods. They protested the Townshend |
| First continental Congress | 1774 An American congress that met after the passing of the intolerable acts. It was located in Philadelphia, and consisted of 56 delegates. This congress met in support of colonial self rule, supported protests in Massachusetts, and supported colo |
| Internal and External taxes | An internal tax is a tax imposed that is not related to imports or exports. An external tax is a duty for the purpose of raising revenue. |
| Second Continental Congress | 1775 The reconvening of the first continental congress. They met and discussed independence with Britain, eventually deciding on becoming independent, and drafting the declaration of independence. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment thinker who stressed “Natural rights” (life liberty and property) |
| Thomas Paine | An enlightenment thinker, whom drew off of John Locke’s ideas of Natural Rights, and put the ideas into something that colonists could understand, and sold it to the colonies as a 43 page pamphlet known as common sense. It sold more than 500,000 copies. |
| Thomas Jefferson | An enlightenment thinker who drafted the declaration of independence. He was also a representative in the 1st and second continental congress. He stressed many of the ideas of other enlightenment thinkers, including independence. |
| Declaration of Independence | June 17, 1776 A document, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and three other men, that was adopted by the second continental congress. This document used ideas from enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes. This declared America’s independence |
| Patriots | A person who wanted independence from Brittan. They were willing to fight and die in the continental army for their country. |
| Loyalists | A person who strongly opposed separation from the king. A person was called a loyalist because they were so loyal to the king of England. |
| Ft. Ticonderoga | May 1775 – Henry Knox, Washington’s commander of artillery, reinforced the siege of Boston (March 1776) with cannons from fort Ticonderoga. This battle gives the colonies such as Virginia the confidence to support independence openly. |
| Battle of Trenton and Princeton | Washington’s army dwindles from 19000 to 5000 by the winter of 1776. Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware river |
| Battle of Saratoga | October 1777 A very important turning point in the war. General John Burgoyne advanced south from Canada, hoping to connect with General House, who was occupying Philadelphia. Instead of meeting Howe, Burgoyne met the continental army, under the command |
| Valley Forge | The winter of 1777 to 1778 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, Washington and his troops (10,000 troops) camped here for the winter. 2000 of the 10,000 died during the winter of starvation, freezing to death, and disease. Even though these numbers were grim, |
| George Washington | Led the continental army through the war. Was a very honorable man, and all of his men respected him to the end of the world. He led the American army to many victories in the American Revolution. Made very strategic maneuvers that caught the British off |
| Marquis de Lafayette | A 20 year old, idealistic French aristocrat. He lobbied very passionately for the French to support the Americans in the war against Britain. Later, he eventually got his ways, and after the battle of Saratoga, the French sent over reinforcements to help |
| Baron Von Stueben | Real name was “Frederic”. He was a very talented drillmaster. He offered his services to Washington and his forces, and turned them into a disciplined force. This will be very important later in the war. |
| General Charles Cornwallis | a British commander, who led his and Henry Clinton, capture Charleston, South Carolina, along with over 3,500 American troops. He later attacked the Americans after the defeat of the British at Cowpens, South Carolina. He technically lost the battle at C |
| The Battle of Yorktown | 1780 A French army of 6,000 lands in Newport, Rhode Island, after the British left the city to focus on the South. The French had stationed one fleet there and were operating another in the west indies. At this crucial moment, the Marquis De Lafayette s |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | The document, created in France that recognized America’s independence and set the boundaries of the United States: from the Mississippi river, to the Atlantic, from Canada, to the tip of Florida. |
| Egalitarianism | The equality of all people. This belief fostered a new attitude: the idea that ability, effort, and virtue, not wealth, or family, defined one’s worth. |
| Novus Ordo Seclorum | A famous phrase from the roman poet Virgil, which is on the reverse side of the great seal of the United States. It means “The new order of ages”. |
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