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science chapter 5
Question | Answer |
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crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
mantle | the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core |
core | the central part of Earth below the mantle |
tectonic plate | a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle |
Continental drift | the hypothesis that a single large landmass broke up into smaller landmasses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations; the movement of continents |
Sea-floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth's surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge |
Plate tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of Earth's outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape |
convergent boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding |
divergent boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
transform boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally |
compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
Tension | stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object |
folding | the bending of rock layers due to stress |
fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another |
uplift | the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations |
subsidence | the sinking of regions of the Earth's crust to lower elevations |