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Fundies 2 Nutrition
NRTC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest salivary gland | parotid gland |
| What is the mouth's job in digestion | receives food and breaks it down into smaller pieces. Starts digestive process with saliva. |
| What is the Pharynx | connects nasal and oral cavities to esophagus. |
| how is food forced through the pharynx? | by the tongue. |
| Where is the parotid gland located and what does it do? | Located anterior and inferior to ear. Secrete saliva into mouth and begins digestion of amylase starches. |
| what propels food into the stomach from the pharynx using a muscular contraction called peristalsis? | esophagus. |
| what organ's lining secretes mucus | the esophagus |
| what prevents back flow like heartburn from esophagus to stomach? | Lower esophageal sphincter |
| What quadrant is the stomach located? | upper left quadrant |
| what organ connected to the pyloric sphincter, mixes food with secretions from liver and pancreas, finishes digestion, and absorbs nutrients. | small intestine |
| 6 vital nutrients | proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals/electrolytes, water |
| why are nutrients vital to retain life. | Body doesn't make these on its own. Requires consumption. |
| what is the water absorption organ? | large intestine |
| what are two accessory organs that store and secrete bile into duodenum? | liver and gullbladder |
| What begins the digestion of proteins | stomach |
| What does the pancreas produce? | Secretes alkaline digestive juices to protect Sm intestine. Pproduces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. |
| What are some age related changes in the GI tract | tooth loss, decreased gag reflex, sphincter muscle tone, smell, gastric secretions, and peristalsis. |
| What could decrease in gastric secretions cause | can't absorb vitamin B12 or protein. |
| Decreased peristalsis can cause | constipation |
| Decreased sphincter muscle tone can cause | acid reflux |
| How many servings of veggies do you need? | 3-5 |
| how do you tell if a patient is dehydrated | skin turger and mucous membranes. |
| metabolism has two parts. | catabolism and anabolism |
| the speed at which food energy is used affected by lean muscle mass and hormones | metabolic rate. |
| who might need increased hydration | surgeries, colonoscopy, exercise, high temp, medications, burns, |
| protein provides how many calories per gram of energy? | 4 |
| Daily recommended intake of protein. | 46-56g/day or 10-15% |
| Daily recommendation intake of fats | 20% 10%or less in saturated and 10% in unsaturated |
| Daily recommendation intake of carbohydrates | 45-65% |
| How many calories/gram of carbohydrate? | 4 |
| How many calories/gram of fat? | 9 |
| what are water soluble vitamins | C and B complex |
| What are some fat soluble vitamins | A-orange and yellow D-milk, eggs, sun E- broccoli, leafy greens K leafy greens... helps blood clot |
| 7 major minerals | calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfer |
| average output is | 1000-1500 ml in 24 hours. call charge nurse if <700 |
| an infants weight should be what by six months | doubled |
| an infants weight should be what by a year? | tripled |
| BMI range | 18.5-24.9 above 25 overweight, above 30 obese, above 40 morbidly obese |
| what causes bowel sounds | peristalsis moves time and gas through the intestines |
| normal Transit time in the intestines is | 18 to 72 hours |
| feces is stored in the sigmoid colon until this initiates defecation | gastrocolic reflex |
| what is the valsalva maneuver | holding your breath in pushing pressure |
| atrophy and Villi in the elderly creates | less absorption of vitamin B12 |
| vitamin B12 deficiency is called | pernicious anemia |
| should bowel habits change in a normal healthy individual | no |
| at what age do you need a colonoscopy | 50 |
| poop that floats has a lot of what in it | lipids, not normal |
| what are black stools in upper GI bleed called | melena |
| fresh red blood in Colon presents a | hemorrhoid |
| causes for hypoactive bowel sounds | Immobility, injury, drugs, surgery |
| drugs that may contribute to constipation | narcotics, anesthesia, diuretics, sedatives, anticholinergic, calcium channel blockers |
| drugs used for constipation | stool softeners, bulk forming laxatives, stimulant laxatives, saline laxatives |
| what are some stool softeners | Colace, surfak, dialose |
| what are some bulk forming laxative | fibracol, Metamucil, citrucel |
| what are some irritant stimulant laxatives | Dulcolax, Neolad, exlax, Senokot, |
| what are some saline laxatives | citrate of magnesia, milk of Mag, phospho soda |
| what do hyperactive bowelsounds produce or result in what | diarrhea |
| causes of hyperactive bowel sounds | inflammation of GI tract , diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, |
| medications used to control diarrhea | opium, atropine ,Imodium, diphenoxylate |
| patients who experience diarrhea from antibiotics should replace normal flora by | eating yogurt, drinking buttermilk, taking over the counter probiotics |
| causes for fecal incontinence | illness, CVA, injury, neurogenic dysfunction |
| how to do a physical assessment of the abdomen | shape auscultate percuss palpate |
| how do rectal suppositories help promote a bowel movement | form gas that expands the rectum melt into a lubricating material to coat the stool for easier Passage |
| what position should a patient be in for a suppository | Sims left with knee flexed |
| and enema should be held at what position | 24in above patient |
| volume for enemas according to age | infants- 20 to 150 ml ages 3 to 5- 200 to 300 ml school-age - 300 to 500 ml adults - 500 to 1000 ml |
| types of enemas | retention, cleansing, distension, medicated, disposal, fleets-small volume(bottle) |
| what temperature should you have an enema | can be room temp but better slightly warm |
| how many enemas are you allowed to do at a time | 3 - dehydration |
| a digital stimulation to relax the anal sphincter needs | a physician order |
| types of ostomies | ileostomy and colostomy |
| illioanalanastomosis | Connects ileum to anus can control bowel |
| what absorbs sodium water and chloride | large intestine |
| what processes time into a more liquid state adds bile from the liver to help break down lipids and absorbs nutrients | small intestine |
| what are the four layers of the intestinal wall | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
| small intestine includes | duodenum jejunum Ilium |
| what controls the flow of chyme into the large intestine | ileocecal valve |
| parts of the large intestine | ascending colon Traverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anus |
| what three structures drain into the | pancreas gallbladder liver |
| the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid which makes the small intestine more | Alkaline |
| marasmus | form of protein calorie malnutrition occurring chiefly in the first year of life. characterized by growth retardation and wasting of subcutaneous fat and muscle |
| kwashiorkor | condition occur in an infants and young children soon after weaning from breast milk due to severe protein deficiency |
| what can a full liquid diet contain | milk yogurt eggnog pudding custard ice cream pureed meat vegetable and cream soups sweetened gelatin vegetable juice cooked refined cereals strained or Blended gruel |
| what are foods allowed on a liquid diet | juices broths water flavored drinks coffee tea gelatin ice clear-candies popsicles |
| after post operation a patient is usually put on a liquid diet after | bowel sounds return |
| what percentage of Americans is overweight | 65% |
| what deficiency is seen in alcohol abuse | Thymin B1 |
| one teaspoon of salt contains how many milligrams of sodium | 2300 mg of sodium |
| normal glucose level | 70 to 110 |
| diabetes patients are at risk for what diseases | cardiovascular kidney blindness stroke |
| what does HIV mean | human immunodeficiency virus |
| muscle wasting in HIV or Aids patients is usually 10 to 20% of their muscle what is this called | cachexia |
| what is the difference between a peg tube and a G-tube | peg tube inserted endoscopically and G-tube inserted through traditional surgery |
| how do you measure the size for an internal tube | ears to nose to xiphoid process |
| how long should you keep the head of the bed elevated after a tube feeding | 30 to 60 minutes |
| when do you check the residue of a tube feeding | before feedings and every 6 hours |
| Total parenteral Nutrition never goes into what | a peripheral vein |
| with Total parenteral Nutrition you need to what | not give anything by mouth all goes in vain. Check blood glucose |
| 10% or greater of dextrose has to be inserted in | the central line tpn |
| with partial parenteral nutrition you must have an isotonic solution and it can contain no more than... | 10% dextrose or 5% of amino acids |
| when would you use a partial parenteral nutrition tube | when the patient cannot eat for less than 10 days |
| what should you always look for in a t-pn solution | cracking it will look like oil setting on top with bubbles |
| a patient has had colon surgery as a result of an intestinal obstruction. A method of delivering nutrition to avoid the gut would be | Total parenteral Nutrition tpn |
| a stroke patient has dysphagia and is at high risk for aspiration. An internal tube into the small intestine is recommended by the surgeon. Which would be placed into the intestine | jejunostomy tube |
| Unsaturated fats are what at room temperature | Liquid |
| Saturated fats are what at room temp | Solid |
Created by:
KesleyNRTC
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