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Bio-CH-emistry
Vocabulary, structure and function of Organic Molecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What important organic molecule is made up of a glycerol back bone and three fatty acid chains? | Lipids |
| What is the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in carbohydrates? | 1:2:1 |
| What is the monomer(s) of carbohydrates? | Simple sugars or monosaccharides |
| Sucrose is an example of... | a disaccharide (2 monomers bonded together) |
| Glycogen and starch are two examples of a.... | polysaccharide |
| What is a role or function of lipids in organisms? | cell membranes, long term energy storage, steroid hormones, myelin sheeth on nerve cells |
| These organic molecules are the monomers of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA). | nucleotides |
| Organic Compound | compound a part of a living organism made of central carbon elements, hydrogen and usually oxygen. |
| What is a monomer of proteins? | amino acids |
| This polysaccharide makes up the exoskeleton of insects. | Chitin (pronounced kite-in) |
| This polysaccharide makes up the cell wall of plants and fungi. | Cellulose |
| Name a role of carbohydrates in living things. | Quick energy, cell wall (structural), exoskeleton, starches in plants and animals. |
| Fatty acids are hydrophobic. What does this mean? | They repel water. |
| What is an element? | Simplest form of all matter. Cannot be broken down any further. |
| What is an atom? | The smallest form of any element made up of a nucleus, protons, electrons and nuetrons. |
| What is a compound? | Two or more elements (or atoms) that are chemically bonded together. |
| What are some functions of proteins? | Regulation and control of body systems or chemical reactions(enzymes and some hormones), muscle cells, fight diseases |
| What are the functions of nucleic acids? | Make up DNA and RNA. Carry instructions for cell functions, traits, and making of proteins and enzymes. |
| A protien that speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction. | Enzyme |
| A chemical agent (enzyme) that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected. | Catalyst |
| The area of an enzyme that binds the substrate. | Active Site |
| The bonding together of two molecules resulting in the formation of a molecule of water. | Dehydration synthesis |
| A chemical process that lysis, or splits, molecules by the addition of water. Essential in digestion. | Hydrolysis |
| The reactant that an enzyme works on. For example, complex carbohydrates are the reactants broken down by the enzyme amylase. | Substrate |
| Organic molecules that help in the chemical activity of an enzyme. Most vitamins, for example. | Coenzyme |
| When the enzyme binds the substrate. | Substrate Enzyme Complex |
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hfbiology
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