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PHS ES Chp6
Running Water and Groundwater
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Runoff | water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground. |
| Rill | a tiny groove in soil made by flowing water. |
| Gully | a large channel in soil formed by erosion. |
| Stream | A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill. |
| river | a large stream |
| tributary | A stream that flows into a larger stream. |
| drainage basin | The land area from which a river and its tributaries collect their water. |
| divide | The ridge of land that separates one drainage basin from another. |
| flood plain | Wide valley through which a river flows. |
| meander | A looplike bend in the course of a river. |
| oxbow lake | A meander cut off from a river. |
| alluvial fan | A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. |
| Delta | A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flow into an ocean or lake. |
| Groundwater | Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers. |
| stalactite | A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave. |
| stalagmite | A cone shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave. |
| karst topography | A type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys. |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change. |
| potential energy | Energy that is stored and available to be used later. |
| kinetic energy | The energy an object has due to its motion. |
| abrasion | The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice or wind. |
| load | The amount of sediment that a river or stream carries. |
| friction | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface. |
| turbulence | A type of movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way |
| water cycle | the constant movement of water among the oceans, the atmosphere, geosphere and the biosphere. |
| infiltration | the movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces |
| transpiration | : the passage of watery vapor from a living body (as of a plant) through a membrane or pores |
| gradient | the slope of a stream over a certain distance. |
| stream channel | the course that the water in the stream follows. |
| discharge | the quantity of water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time. |
| base level | the lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel. |
| bed load | sediment that is carried by a stream along the bottom of its channel. |
| capacity | The total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport. |
| natural levee | an elevated landform that parallels a stream and acts to confine its waters except during floodstage. |
| flood | occurs when the discharge of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the carrying capacity of its channel and overflows its banks. |
| water table | the upper level of the saturated zone of groundwater. |
| zone of saturation | zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water. |
| porosity | the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. |
| permeability | a measure of a material's ability to transmit fluids. |
| aquifer | rock or soil through which groundwater moves easily. |
| spring | a flow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface. |
| geyser | a hot spring or fountain that ejects water at various intervals. |
| well | an opening bored into the zone of saturation. |
| artesian well | a well in which the water naturally rises above the level of the water table. |
| cavern | a naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly produced by solution activity in limestone. |
| travertine | a form of limestone that is deposited by hot springs or as a cave deposit. |
| sinkhole | a depression produced in a region where soluble rock has been removed by groundwater |
Created by:
melaniebird
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