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Biochemistry
Vocabulary for High School Biology Biochem unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | A compound that gives up a Hydrogen Ion when placed in water |
| Activation Energy | The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur |
| Adhesion | Water sticking to molecules or surfaces other than water |
| Amino Acid | the 20 building blocks (or monomers) of proteins. Consists of a Central Carbon, an amino group and a carboxyl group |
| Atom | smallest part of an element that can retain the properties of that element |
| Base | A compound that will freely bond with a hydrogen ion in water. Ex. -OH |
| Buffer | A solution or liquid that resist changes in pH (acidity) |
| Carbohydrate | -Biological Macromolecule consisting of sugars and starches -Provides short term energy |
| Catalyst | A molecule that helps a chemical reaction to occur, but does not get used up in the reaction. |
| Cohesion | Water molecules sticking to (being attracted to) other water molecules |
| Compound | Synonym for a molecule; two or more different chemical elements bonded together |
| Covalent bond | Two atoms bonded together by SHARING electrons |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Chemical reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones by removing water |
| Denaturation | Causing a protein or enzyme to change shape or unfold and become non-functional. Usually caused by temperature change, pH, or salt. |
| Element | A pure substance that can't be broken down any further and still retain it's properties |
| Electron | Negatively charged particle that surrounds the nucleus of an atom |
| Enzyme | - a biological catalyst -a protein that helps a chemical reaction to occur but is not used up in the reaction |
| Fatty Acid | -A long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. -building block/monomer of lipids |
| Freezing Point | -Temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid -the freezing point of water is 32 degrees F or 0 degrees C |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak bond or attraction between two molecules due to opposite charges (+/-) |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking large molecules (macromolecules) apart into smaller parts by adding water to break the chemical bonds |
| hydrophobic | Water fearing or water hating. Non polar substances that do not mix well with water. |
| Ion | A charged atom. An atom with extra or missing electrons. |
| Ionic Bond | A bond between two or more atoms where the electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to the other. |
| Isomer | Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures. They are bonded together in a different pattern. |
| Isotope | Atoms with nontypical masses because they have different amounts of Neutrons |
| Lipid | -Biological/Macromolecule that consists of fats and oils -Nonpolar and hydrophobic .... doesn't mix with water |
| Lock and Key Model | Enzyme and Substrate are specific to one another. Each substrate 'fits' into the enzyme like a key enters a lock |
| Macromolecule | -One of four types of large molecules that are important to life -Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| Monomer | -Building block of larger molecules -Monosaccharides, Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Amino Acids, Nucleotides |
| Monosaccharide | -a single sugar molecule such as glucose -Monomer of carbohydrates |
| Neutron | Neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Nucleic Acid | -Biological Macromolecule that consists of DNA or RNA - Store and pass Genetic Material |
| Organic Chemistry | The chemistry of Carbon |
| Peptide Bond | Bond that joins Amino Acids together to make proteins |
| pH | A measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is |
| Physical Chemistry | the study of how atoms interact with one another to form matter |
| Plasma (Cell) Membrane | -Skin that surrounds a cell protecting it from the environment and holding all of the contents in place. -Made of Phospholipids. -Semipermiable |
| Polarity | A molecule that has opposite charges (+/-) in different areas. |
| Polymer | Many monomers joined together to make a larger molecule |
| Polysaccharide | a very large carbohydrate molecule consisting of 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together |
| Products | The end result of a chemical reaction |
| Protein | -Biological molecule made of Amino Acids -Builds and repairs tissues |
| Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Reactants | The molecules that enter a chemical reaction |
| Solution | An evenly mixed liquid containing two or more substances. Solute = solid Solvent = liquid |
| Specific Heat | -The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius -How difficult a substance is to heat up or cool down |
| Temperature | A measure of the amount of heat (kinetic energy) a substance contains |
| Triglyceride | A LIPID consisting of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids |
| Universal Solvent | -WATER!!!! -Being a polar molecule water can dissolve more substance that any other liquid |
Created by:
juddadiah
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