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Sociology Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sex | Refers to an individuals membership in one of the two biologically distinct categories-male or female |
| Gender | Refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members |
| Gender Identity | Refers to an individuals self-definition or sense of gender |
| Gender Expression | Refers to an individuals behavioral manifestations of gender |
| Essentialists | See gender as biological or genetic and believe gender is a binary system determined by your chromosomes, hormones, and genitalia |
| Constructionist | See sex, gender, and sexuality as social construct |
| Queer Theorists | Emphasize the importance of differences and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories of gender and sexual identity |
| Sexual Orientation | Inclination to be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or asexual |
| Sex, gender, and sexuality are all bases of hierarchies of _____ in our society | Inequality |
| Homophobia | Fear of or discrimination towards homosexuals or toward individual who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior |
| Functionalists | Believe that there are social roles better suited to one gender than the other, and that societies are more stable when certain tasks are done by the appropriate sex |
| Instrumental Role | Person who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure (most likely men) |
| Expressive Role | Person who provides the family's emotional support and nurturing (most likely women) |
| Conflict Theorists | Believe men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges, therefore it is in their interest to try to maintain their dominant position |
| Interactionists | Emphasize how the concept of gender is socially constructed, maintained, and reproduced in our everyday lives |
| Feminist Theorists | Apply assumptions about gender inequalities to social institutions to illuminate how gender inequality affects all areas of social life |
| Gender Role Socialization | The lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through agents of socialization: families, schools, peers, and the media |
| Families | Usually the primary source of socialization and greatly impact gender role socialization |
| Social Learning Theory | Suggests that babies and children learn behaviors and meanings through social interaction and internalize the expectations of those around them |
| Schools | Socialize children into gender roles that accord with their sex |
| Peer Groups | Important agent of socialization |
| Media | TV, Movies, Magazines, Books, Video Games, etc. |
| Feminization of Poverty | Refers to the economic trend that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, due to in part to the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and increasing the cost of child care |
| Feminism | Belief in the social, political, and economic inequality of the sexes and the social movements organized around that belief |
| Womens Movement: 1st Wave | Mid-19th Century-1920: Focused on gaining suffrage for women |
| Womens Movement: 2nd Wave | 1960's-1970's: Focused on women's equal access to employment and education |
| Womens Movement: 3rd Wave | 1980's-Present: Focused on diversity among women's experiences and identities |
| Male Liberationism | Originated in the 70's to discuss the challenges of masculinity |
Created by:
aleahgoodson
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