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Bio I DNA Ch 9

structure & replication

QuestionAnswer
Name the two people who determined what DNA is Watson & Crick
What is DNA? a molecule that is a double helix
What is a double helix? a spiral shape
What is each strand of DNA made from? nucleotides
What are nucleotides made from? phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
What is deoxyribose? a five-carbon sugar found in nucleotides
Which nitrogen base bonds to thymine? adenine
Which nitrogen base bonds to guanine? cytosine
What are purines? nitrogen bases made of two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms (adenine and guanine)
What are pyrimidines? nitrogen bases made of a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms (thymine and cytosine)
What does the pairing of bases result in? two complementary strands
What determines the sequence of nitrogen (N) bases on one strand? the sequence of nitrogen (N) bases on the other strand
What is the complementary strand of DNA used to make? exact copies of the DNA each time a cell divides
What is the process of making a copy of DNA called? DNA replication
What are DNA helicases? enzymes that break hydrogen bonds
In DNA replication, what do DNA helicases do? break the weak hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together
What is a replication fork? the two areas on either end of the DNA where the double helix separates
What happens at the site of the replication fork? DNA polymerases move along each of the DNA strands, adding nucleotides to the nitrogen bases
What happens as the DNA polymerases move along the DNA strands? two new double helixes are formed
What are the resulting DNA molecules composed of? a new AND an original strand
What are the two strands of DNA identical to? each other AND the original DNA molecule
What is the "proofreading" function during DNA replication? DNA polymerase proofreads DNA during replication so very few errors occur
Created by: BayHighSPED
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