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Chapter 7 Bio Test
Chapter 7 Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the first scientist to use a simple microscope in the 1600s and describe the cell? | Anton van Leeuwenhock |
| What was Leeuwenhock's microscope like? | single lens, used light |
| What magnification can compound microscopes go up to? | 1500x |
| Who was the first to discover cells and name them? | Robert Hooke |
| How did Hooke discover the first cell? | by observing dead cells in a cork |
| Who determined that all plants are made of cells? | Matthias Schleiden |
| Who determined that all amnimals are made of cells? | Theodor Schwann |
| Who stated all cells come from other cells? | Rudolph Virchow |
| What is the cell theory? | all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and organization; all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| What magnification can electron microscopes go up to? | 500,000x |
| Why must an object be put into a vacuum to be observed by an electron microscope? | electrons can collide with air particles and scatter |
| What are the 3 types of electron microscopes? | scanning electron, transmission electron, scanning tunneling |
| Which electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to scan the surface of an object ot view its 3D shape? | scanning electron microscope |
| Which electron microscopes require the specimens to be dead in order to observe them? | SEM and TEM |
| What electron microscope uses a beam of electrons transmitted through the substance to see its inside? | transmission electron microscope |
| What electron microscope uses a flow of electrons to create computer images of atoms on the surface of a molecule? | scanning tunneling microscope |
| Which eukaryotic organisms are unicellular? | some protists and fungi |
| Which characteristics do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? | cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material |
| What is the role of the plasma membrane? | to maintain homeostasis within the cell |
| What is a phospholipid composed of? | polar head and nonpolar tails |
| How is a phospholipid structured? | polar heads facing outward (attracts water) and nonpolar tails facing inward towards each other (repels water and polar molecules) |
| What makes the phospholipid bilayer fluid? | interaction between the head and the tails |
| What are the components of a phospholipid? | glycerol backbone, phosphate group, 2 fatty acids |
| What role does cholesterol play in the plasma membrane? | prevents the tails of the phospholipids from sticking together |
| What are the cell walls of plants made out of? | cellulose |
| What are the cell walls of fungi made out of? | chitin |
| What are the cell walls of bacteria made out of? | polysaccharides and polypeptides |
| What is the largest organelle? | nucleus |
| What is inside of the nucleus? | DNA and ribosomes |
| How are chromosomes formed? | chromatin condenses |
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
| How do RNA and proteins enter and leave the nucleus? | through the pores of the nuclear envelope |
| What contains the instructions to make proteins? | DNA |
| What does the protoplasm contain? | genetic material |
| Chloroplasts are an example of what? | plastids |
| Where are eukaryotic cells found? | plants, animals, protists, fungi |
| What are prokaryotic cells known as? | bacteria |
| What are the three membrane proteins? | transport, marker, receptor |
| What are cilia and flagella used for? | locomotion and feeding |
| In which cells are cilia and flagella the major means of locomotion? | unicellular |
| In which cells are cilia and flagella composed of microtubules? | eukaryotic |
| Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell? | nucleoid |
| Who was the scientist who observed that eukaryotic cells had a prominent structure? | Robert Brown |
| What are the specialized compartments within a cell? | organelles |
| What are the plasma membranes of cells mostly made up of? | lipids |
| What makes up a cell's plasma membrane? | phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol |
| cells that do not have membrane bound organelles | prokaryotes |
| cells that have membrane bound organelles | eukaryotes |
| small, specialized structure within a cell that carries out a specific action | organelle |
| Which cell type is unicellular? | prokaryote |
| Which cell type is mostly multicellular? | eukaryote |
| flexible boundary between the cell and its environment | plasma membrane |
| allows some materials into the cell while keeping some out | selective permeability |
| formation and function of the plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer |
| proteins embedded within phospholipid membrane that enable cells to communicate | cell surface markers |
| protein that allows substances to pass through the membrane | transport proteins |
| protein that transfers information within the cell | receptor proteins |
| proteins that identify cells | marker proteins |
| a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection | cell wall |
| the control center of a eukaryotic cell | nucleus |
| the set of directions for making proteins contained within the nucleus | DNA |
| long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus | chromatin |
| found inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes | nucleolus |
| structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm | nuclear envelope |
| Which organelle does not have a phospholipid bilayer? | ribosomes |
| site where cells produce proteins based on the directions contained in DNA | ribosomes |
| clear gelatinous fluid in a cell which is everything inside the cell except the cell's genetic material | cytoplasm |
| folded membranes that are the site of cellular chemical reactions | endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the function of the ER? | transport substances within the cell |
| What is the function of the rough ER? | protein synthesis and transport |
| What is the function of the smooth ER? | lipid formation and storage |
| sorts and modifies proteins into packages and sends them to vesicles to be distributed to appropriate destinations in/out of the cell | Golgi apparatus |
| membrane bound sac used for temporary storage | vacuole |
| organelles that contain digestive enzymes | lysosomes |
| organelles that capture light energy to convert into chemical engergy (sugar molecules) | chloroplasts |
| plant organelles that are used for storage | plastids |
| pigment that gives plants their green color and traps energy | chlorophyll |
| transforms sugar molecules into energy for the cell | mitochondria |
| "powerhouse" of the cell | mitochondria |
| the support structure of the cell | cytoskeleton |
| What is the cytoskeleton made up of? | microtubules and microfilaments |
| hollow tubes of protein | microtubules |
| smaller, solid protein fibers | microfilaments |
| occur in pairs and are found in animals and some protists that help in cell division | centrioles |
| short, numerous, hair-like structure | cilia |
| long, hair-like structure, hae a whip-like motion | flagella |
| What does the right ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids do? | keeps the membrane fluid at any temperature conducive to life |
| What does cholesterol do in animal cells? | prevents the packing of fatty aid tails an lowers the requirement for unsaturated fatty acids |
Created by:
Tiffanyy
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